The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 was an agreement between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands signed on 17 March 1824 to resolve disputes from the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. The treaty aimed to address the tensions that arose due to the British establishment of Singapore in 1819 and the Dutch claims over the Sultanate of Johor. Negotiations began in 1820 and were initially centered around noncontroversial issues. However, by 1823, the discussions shifted towards establishing clear spheres of influence in Southeast Asia. The Dutch, recognizing the growth of Singapore, negotiated for an exchange of territories, with the British ceding Bencoolen and the Dutch giving up Malacca. The treaty was ratified by both nations in 1824.

The terms of the treaty were comprehensive, ensuring trade rights for subjects of both nations in territories like British India, Ceylon, and modern-day Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. It also covered regulations against piracy, provisions about not making exclusive treaties with Eastern states, and set guidelines for establishing new offices in the East Indies. Specific territorial exchanges were made: the Dutch ceded their establishments on the Indian Subcontinent and the city and fort of Malacca, while the UK ceded Fort Marlborough in Bencoolen and its possessions on Sumatra. Both nations also withdrew oppositions to each other's occupations of specific islands.

The implications of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 were long-lasting. It demarcated two territories: Malaya, under British rule, and the Dutch East Indies. These territories later evolved into modern-day Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia. The treaty played a significant role in shaping the borders between these nations. Additionally, colonial influences led to the divergence of the Malay language into Malaysian and Indonesian variants. The treaty also marked a shift in British policies in the region, emphasizing free trade and individual merchant influence over territories and spheres of influence, paving the way for Singapore's rise as a prominent free port.