Raskol shine rarrabuwar Cocin Orthodox na Rasha zuwa cocin hukuma da ƙungiyar Tsoffin Muminai a tsakiyar karni na 17.Wani gyare-gyare na Patriarch Nikon ne ya jawo hakan a shekara ta 1653, wanda ke da nufin kafa daidaito tsakanin ayyukan cocin Girka da na Rasha.A cikin ƙarnuka da yawa, firistoci marasa ilimi da limamai sun canza fasalin al'adar addini da yawa ba da gangan ba, suna cire Orthodoxy na Rasha gabaɗaya daga bangaskiyar iyayen Orthodox na Girka.An kafa gyare-gyaren da aka yi niyya don kawar da waɗannan ɓangarorin da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin sarki Nikon na Rasha mai mulki tsakanin 1652 da 1667. Tare da goyon baya daga Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich na Rasha, sarki Nikon ya fara aiwatar da gyaran littattafan hidima na allahntaka na Rasha daidai da zamani na zamani. Takwarorinsu na Girka da kuma canza wasu al'adu (alamar gicciye mai yatsu biyu an maye gurbinsu da mai yatsu uku, "hallelujah" za a furta sau uku maimakon biyu da sauransu).Waɗannan sababbin abubuwa sun gamu da tsayin daka daga duka limaman coci da jama'a, waɗanda suka yi jayayya game da haƙƙin haƙƙin halaccin waɗannan gyare-gyare, suna magana akan al'adun tauhidi da ƙa'idodin ikilisiyoyi na Gabas ta Orthodox.