Siege na Rhodes

Knights na St. John, ko Knights Hospitallers , sun kama Rhodes a farkon karni na 14 bayan asarar da aka yi a 1291 na Acre, sansanin 'yan Salibiyya na karshe a Falasdinu.Daga Rhodes, sun zama wani ɓangare na kasuwanci a cikin tekun Aegean, kuma a wasu lokuta suna tursasa jiragen ruwa na Turkiyya a cikin Levant don tabbatar da iko a gabashin Bahar Rum.Kokarin farko da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi na kwace tsibirin ya ci tura daga Odar a shekara ta 1480, amma ci gaba da kasancewar mayakan da ke kusa da kudancin gabar tekun Anatoliya ya kasance babban cikas ga fadada Ottoman.Girgizar kasa ta girgiza tsibirin a shekara ta 1481.Bayan kewaye da girgizar ƙasa, an ƙarfafa kagara sosai a kan manyan bindigogi bisa ga sabuwar makarantar gano italienne.A cikin wuraren da aka fi fallasa fuskar ƙasa, gyare-gyaren sun haɗa da kauri na babban bango, ninki biyu na faɗin busasshiyar ramin, tare da sauya tsohuwar ƙirƙira zuwa manyan filaye (tenailles), gina katanga a kusa da mafi yawan hasumiya. , da caponiers enfilating rami.An rage yawan ƙofofin, kuma an maye gurbin tsoffin fakitin yaƙi da waɗanda suka dace da faɗan bindigogi.^[4] Tawagar ma’aikata, ’yan kwadago, da bayi sun yi aikin ginin, inda aka dora wa bayi musulmi aiki mafi wahala.^[4]A cikin 1521, Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam ya zama Babban Jagora na oda.Da yake tsammanin wani sabon hari na Ottoman akan Rhodes, ya ci gaba da ƙarfafa katangar birnin, kuma ya yi kira ga ma'aikatan Order's a wasu wurare a Turai da su zo tsaron tsibirin.Sauran kasashen Turai sun yi watsi da bukatarsa ​​ta taimako, amma Sir John Rawson, Kafin Gidan Irish na Order, ya zo shi kadai.An kiyaye birnin da biyu kuma, a wasu wurare guda uku, zoben bangon dutse da manyan bassoshi da yawa.An ba da kariya a cikin sassan zuwa harsuna daban-daban.An toshe ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa da wani babban sarkar ƙarfe, wanda a bayansa anga rundunar Oda.

A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin shekarar 1522 ne sojojin Turkiyya da ke mamaye da jiragen ruwa 400 suka isa Rhodes, Çoban Mustafa Pasha ne ya ba su umarni.^[1] Suleiman da kansa ya isa tare da sojoji 100,000 a ranar 28 ga Yuli don ɗaukar nauyin kansa.^[1]

Turkawa sun killace tashar jiragen ruwa tare da yi musu ruwan bama-bamai daga bangaren kasa, sannan suka rika kai hare-hare kusan kullum a garin.Sun kuma nemi lalata katangar ta hanyar ramuka da ma'adinai.Gobarar ta yi jinkiri wajen yin mummunar barna ga katangar bangon, amma bayan makonni biyar, a ranar 4 ga Satumba, wasu manyan nakiyoyin bindiga guda biyu sun fashe a karkashin sansanin Ingila, lamarin da ya sa wani yanki mai nisan yadi 12 (m 11) na katangar ya fada ciki. tuwon.Nan take maharan suka far wa wannan karya kuma nan da nan suka sami nasarar shawo kan lamarin, amma harin da ’yan’uwan Ingila karkashin Fra’ Nicholas Hussey da Grand Master Villiers de L’Isle-Adam suka yi ya yi nasarar korar su.Sau biyu Turkawa sun sake kai hari a wannan rana, amma ’yan’uwan Ingila da Jamus sun riƙe gibin.

A ranar 24 ga Satumba, Mustafa Pasha ya ba da umarnin kai wani gagarumin hari a sansanonin Spain, Ingila, Provence, da Italiya.Bayan an gwabza kazamin fada da aka yi, inda sansanin sojojin Spain ya sauya hannu sau biyu, daga karshe Suleiman ya janye harin.Ya yanke hukuncin kisa kan Mustafa Pasha, surukinsa, saboda ya kasa kwace birnin, amma a karshe ya tsira da ransa bayan rokon wasu manyan jami’ai.Ahmed Pasha wanda ya maye gurbin Mustafa, ya kasance gogaggen injiniyan kewaye, kuma a yanzu Turkawa sun mayar da hankalinsu wajen lalata shingen shinge da lalata su da nakiyoyi tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da harba makaman roka.Daidaiton wuraren da aka tayar da ma'adinan a karkashin bango (wanda yawanci ke kan dutse) ya haifar da shawarar cewa masu hakar ma'adinai na Turkiyya sun yi amfani da tsoffin tarkace na birnin Hellenistic da aka binne a ƙarƙashin birnin Rhodes na tsakiyar zamani.^[2]

An dakile wani babban hari a karshen watan Nuwamba, amma a yanzu bangarorin biyu sun gaji—Rundunar sojojin sun kai karshen karfinsu ba tare da an tsammaci dakarun agaji ba, yayin da sojojin Turkiyya ke kara tabarbarewa da tabarbarewar hasarar rayuka da cututtuka a sansanonin su. .Suleiman ya ba wa masu tsaron lafiyar zaman lafiya, da rayukansu, da abinci idan sun mika wuya, amma mutuwa ko bautar idan Turkawa suka tilastawa su kwace garin da karfi.Mutanen garin sun matsa musu lamba, Villiers de L'Isle-Adam ya amince da tattaunawa.An dai ayyana zaman sulhu tsakanin ranakun 11-13 ga watan Disamba domin samun damar tattaunawa, amma da mutanen yankin suka bukaci a kara tabbatar da tsaron lafiyar su, Suleiman ya fusata, ya kuma ba da umarnin sake kai hare-haren bam da kuma kai hare-hare.

Tushen Spain ya faɗi a ranar 17 ga Disamba.Yayin da akasarin katangar yanzu ta lalace, lokaci kadan ne aka tilasta wa birnin mika wuya.A ranar 20 ga Disamba, bayan kwanaki da yawa na matsin lamba daga mutanen garin, Babban Jagora ya nemi a sake tsagaita wuta.

A ranar 22 ga Disamba, wakilan mazaunan Latin da Girkanci na birnin sun karɓi sharuɗɗan Suleiman, waɗanda ke da karimci.An ba jarumawan kwanaki goma sha biyu su bar tsibirin kuma za a bar su su kwashe makamansu, da kayansu masu daraja, da gumaka na addini.Mutanen tsibirin da ke son barin za su iya yin hakan a kowane lokaci a cikin shekaru uku.Babu wani coci da za a ƙazantar da shi ko mai da shi masallaci.Wadanda suka rage a tsibirin ba za su kasance da 'yanci daga harajin Ottoman na shekaru biyar ba.

A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1523, sauran mayaka da sojoji suka fita daga garin, tare da tutoci suna yawo, ana buga ganguna, da makaman yaki.Sun shiga jiragen ruwa 50 da aka ba su kuma suka tafi Crete (mallakar Venetian), tare da fararen hula dubu da yawa.

Sigewa na Rhodes ya ƙare da nasarar Ottoman .Komawar Rhodes wani babban mataki ne na ikon Ottoman a gabashin tekun Mediterrenean kuma ya sauƙaƙa hanyoyin sadarwa na ruwa sosai tsakanin Constantinople da Alkahira da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa na Levantine.Daga baya, a cikin 1669, daga wannan tushe Turkawa Ottoman sun kwace Crete Venetian .^[3] The Knights Hospitaller da farko ya koma Sicily, amma, a cikin 1530, ya sami tsibiran Malta, Gozo, da kuma tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewacin Afirka ta Tripoli, bayan yarjejeniya tsakanin Paparoma Clement VII, kansa Knight, da Sarkin sarakuna Charles V.