Shirin sararin samaniyar Soviet shi ne tsarin sararin samaniya na kasa na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), wanda ke aiki daga 1955 har zuwa rushewar Tarayyar Soviet a 1991. Shirin sararin samaniyar Soviet ya kasance alama mai mahimmanci na ikirarin Soviet ga ikonta na duniya. matsayi.Binciken Soviet a cikin rocketry ya fara ne tare da kafa dakin bincike a cikin 1921, amma waɗannan yunƙurin sun sami cikas saboda mummunan yaƙi da Jamus.Gasar tseren sararin samaniya tare da Amurka, daga baya kuma tare da Tarayyar Turai da China, shirin Tarayyar Soviet ya yi fice wajen kafa tarihi da dama a binciken sararin samaniya, ciki har da makami mai linzami na farko da ya harba tauraron dan adam na farko kuma ya aike da dabba ta farko zuwa doron kasa. 1957, kuma ya sanya mutum na farko a sararin samaniya a cikin 1961. Bugu da ƙari, shirin na Soviet ya kuma ga mace ta farko a sararin samaniya a 1963 da kuma wani cosmonaut na yin tafiya ta farko a cikin 1965. Sauran abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da aikin mutum-mutumi na na'ura mai kwakwalwa wanda ya fara a 1959. tare da manufa ta biyu ita ce ta farko da ta isa saman duniyar wata, da yin rikodin hoton farko na gefen wata mai nisa, da samun saukowa mai laushi na farko akan wata.Har ila yau, shirin na Tarayyar Soviet ya sami nasarar tura sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya na farko a shekarar 1966 kuma ya aika da na'urar binciken mutum-mutumi ta farko da ta fitar da wani samfurin kasar wata ta kai tsaye zuwa doron kasa a shekarar 1970. Shirin na Tarayyar Soviet kuma shi ne ke da alhakin jagorantar binciken farko a sararin samaniya zuwa Venus da Mars. kuma ya yi nasarar sauka mai laushi a kan waɗannan taurari a cikin 1960s da 1970s.Ta sanya tashar sararin samaniya ta farko zuwa sararin samaniya mara nauyi a cikin 1971 da tashar sararin samaniya ta farko a cikin 1986. Shirin Interkosmos kuma ya shahara wajen tura dan kasa na farko banda Amurka ko Tarayyar Soviet zuwa sararin samaniya.Bayan WWII, shirye-shiryen sararin samaniya na Soviet da Amurka duka sun yi amfani da fasahar Jamus a farkon ƙoƙarinsu.A ƙarshe, an gudanar da shirin a ƙarƙashin Sergei Korolev, wanda ya jagoranci shirin bisa ra'ayoyi na musamman da Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ya samo, wani lokacin da ake kira uban ilimin sararin samaniya.Sabanin masu fafatawa na Amurka, Turai, da Sinawa, waɗanda shirye-shiryen su ke gudana a ƙarƙashin hukumar gudanarwa guda ɗaya, an raba shirin sararin samaniyar Soviet kuma an raba shi tsakanin manyan ofisoshin ƙira na ciki waɗanda Korolev, Kerimov, Keldysh, Yangel, Glushko, Chelomey ke jagoranta. Makeyev, Chertok da kuma Reshetnev.