Operation Barbarossa shi ne mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet, wanda Jamus na Nazi da da yawa daga cikin kawayenta na Axis suka yi, wanda ya fara ranar Lahadi 22 ga Yuni 1941, lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Ya kasance kuma har yanzu shine hari mafi girma a tarihin dan adam, tare da sama da mayaka miliyan 10 da suka shiga.Babban shirin na Jamus Ost ya yi niyyar yin amfani da wasu mutanen da aka ci a matsayin aikin tilastawa aikin yaƙin Axis yayin da ake samun rijiyoyin mai na yankin Caucasus da kuma albarkatun noma na wasu yankuna na Soviet.Babban burinsu shine samar da ƙarin Lebensraum (sararin rayuwa) ga Jamus, da kuma kawar da al'ummar Slavic na asali ta hanyar korar jama'a zuwa Siberiya, Jamusanci, bautar, da kisan kare dangi.A cikin shekaru biyu kafin mamayewar, Jamus na Nazi da Tarayyar Soviet sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin siyasa da tattalin arziki don dalilai masu mahimmanci.Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta mamaye Bessarabia da Arewacin Bukovina, Babban Rundunar Jamus ta fara shirin mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a watan Yulin 1940 (a ƙarƙashin sunan Operation Otto).A tsawon lokacin aikin, sama da ma'aikatan Axis miliyan 3.8 - mafi girman mamayewa a tarihin yakin - sun mamaye yammacin Tarayyar Soviet tare da gaban kilomita 2,900 (mita 1,800), tare da motocin 600,000 da dawakai sama da 600,000. don ayyukan da ba na yaƙi ba.Hare-haren ya yi nuni da wani gagarumin ci gaba na yakin duniya na biyu, a fadin kasa da kuma yarjejeniyar Anglo-Soviet da kuma kafa kawancen kawance da suka hada da Tarayyar Soviet.Wannan farmakin ya bude Gabas ta Gabas, inda aka kai karin sojoji fiye da kowane gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yaki a tarihin dan Adam.Yankin ya ga wasu manyan fadace-fadacen tarihi, da munanan munanan laifuka, da kuma wadanda suka mutu (ga sojojin Soviet da Axis iri daya), dukkansu sun yi tasiri a yakin duniya na biyu da kuma tarihin da ya biyo baya na karni na 20.A ƙarshe sojojin Jamus sun kame sojojin Soviet Red Army kusan miliyan biyar.'Yan Nazi sun kashe yunwa da gangan ko kuma sun kashe fursunoni na Soviet miliyan 3.3, da miliyoyin fararen hula, kamar yadda "Shirin Yunwar" ya yi aiki don magance ƙarancin abinci na Jamus da kuma kawar da yawan mutanen Slavic ta hanyar yunwa.Harbin jama'a da ayyukan iskar gas, da 'yan Nazi ko kuma masu haɗin gwiwa suka yi, sun kashe Yahudawa sama da miliyan Soviet a matsayin wani ɓangare na Holocaust.Rashin nasarar Operation Barbarossa ya mayar da dukiyar Nazi Jamus.A bisa aiki, sojojin Jamus sun samu gagarumar nasara tare da mamaye wasu muhimman yankunan tattalin arzikin Tarayyar Soviet (musamman a Ukraine) da kuma yi musu barna, tare da ci gaba da yin barna.Duk da wadannan nasarorin da aka samu na farko, harin na Jamus ya tsaya cik a yakin Moscow a karshen shekara ta 1941, kuma harin hunturu na Soviet na baya ya kori Jamusawa kimanin kilomita 250 (160 mi) baya.Jamusawa sun yi kwarin gwiwa sun yi tsammanin rugujewar juriyar Soviet cikin sauri kamar yadda ake yi a Poland, amma sojojin Red Army sun sha kashi mafi karfi na Wehrmacht na Jamus tare da ruguza shi cikin yakin da ba a shirya ba.Sojojin da suka rage na Wehrmacht ba za su iya sake kai hari tare da Gabashin Gabas ba, da kuma ayyukan da suka biyo baya don sake dawowa da kuma zurfafa cikin yankin Soviet-kamar Case Blue a 1942 da Operation Citadel a 1943 - daga bisani ya kasa, wanda ya haifar da rashin nasara na Wehrmacht.