History of Ukraine

Juyin Halitta
Masu zanga-zangar fafatawa da sojojin gwamnati a Maidan Nezalezhnosti a Kyiv a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2014 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
2014 Feb 18 - Feb 23

Juyin Halitta

Mariinskyi Park, Mykhaila Hrus
Juyin juya halin mutunci, wanda aka fi sani da juyin juya halin Maidan da juyin juya halin Ukraine, ya faru ne a cikin watan Fabrairun 2014 a karshen zanga-zangar Euromaidan, lokacin da kazamin fada tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da jami'an tsaro a Kyiv babban birnin kasar Ukraine ya kai ga korar 'yan tawayen. zababben shugaban kasar Viktor Yanukovych, barkewar yakin Rasha da Ukraine, da hambarar da gwamnatin Ukraine.A watan Nuwambar 2013, zanga-zangar da aka fi sani da Euromaidan ta barke a matsayin mayar da martani ga matakin da shugaba Yanukovych ya dauka ba zato ba tsammani na kin sanya hannu kan wata kungiyar siyasa da yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin 'yanci da Tarayyar Turai (EU), maimakon haka ya zabi kusanci da Rasha da kuma Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Eurasian.A cikin watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar, Verkhovna Rada (majalisar dokokin Ukraine) ta amince da gagarumin rinjaye a kammala yarjejeniyar da EU.Rasha ta matsa wa Ukraine lamba don ta ki amincewa da ita.An ci gaba da gudanar da zanga-zangar tsawon watanni;Fannin su ya fadada, tare da yin kira ga Yanukovych da gwamnatin Azarov su yi murabus.Masu zanga-zangar sun yi adawa da abin da suke gani a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati, da tasirin oligarchs, zaluncin 'yan sanda, da take hakkin dan Adam a Ukraine.Dokokin adawa da zanga-zangar danniya sun kara haifar da fushi.Wani babban sansanin zanga-zangar da aka killace ya mamaye dandalin Independence a tsakiyar Kyiv a duk fadin 'Tashin hankalin Maidan'.A watan Janairu da Fabrairun 2014, rikici a Kyiv tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma na musamman na Berkut ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar masu zanga-zangar 108 da 'yan sanda 13, tare da jikkata wasu da dama.An kashe masu zanga-zangar farko a wani kazamin artabu da 'yan sanda a kan titin Hrushevsky a ranar 19-22 ga Janairu.Bayan haka, masu zanga-zangar sun mamaye gine-ginen gwamnati a duk fadin kasar.Rikicin mafi muni shine tsakanin 18 – 20 ga watan Fabrairu, wanda ya gamu da tashin hankali mafi muni a Ukraine tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai.Dubban masu zanga-zangar ne suka nufi majalisar dokokin kasar, karkashin jagorancin masu fafutuka dauke da garkuwa da kwalkwali, inda ‘yan sanda maharba suka yi musu luguden wuta.A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu, an rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin shugaba Yanukovych da shugabannin 'yan adawa na majalisar dokokin kasar, wadda ta bukaci kafa gwamnatin hadin kan kasa ta wucin gadi, da yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da kuma zabukan da wuri.Washegari, 'yan sanda sun janye daga tsakiyar Kyiv, wanda ke karkashin ikon masu zanga-zangar.Yanukovych ya gudu daga birnin.A wannan rana, majalisar dokokin Ukraine ta kada kuri'ar tsige Yanukovych daga mukaminsa da kashi 328 zuwa 0 (72.8% na mambobin majalisar 450).Yanukovych ya ce wannan kuri'ar ba ta kan ka'ida ba, kuma mai yiyuwa ne an tilastawa, ya kuma nemi Rasha ta taimaka.Rasha ta dauki hambarar da Yanukovych a matsayin juyin mulki ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ba ta amince da gwamnatin wucin gadi ba.Zanga-zangar adawa da juyin-juya-hali da aka yi a gabashi da kudancin Ukraine, a baya-bayan nan ne Yanukovych ya samu gagarumin goyon baya a zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2010.Wannan zanga-zangar ta rikide zuwa tashin hankali, lamarin da ya haifar da tarzoma tsakanin magoya bayan Rasha a duk fadin kasar ta Ukraine, musamman a yankunan kudanci da gabashin kasar.Don haka, ba da dadewa ba farkon yakin Russo-Ukrain ya rikide zuwa shiga tsakani na sojan kasar Rasha, da mamaye yankin Crimea da Rasha ta yi, da kuma kafa jihohin Donetsk da Luhansk masu cin gashin kansu.Wannan ya haifar da yakin Donbas, kuma ya ƙare tare da Rasha ta fara mamaye ƙasar a cikin 2022.Gwamnatin rikon kwarya karkashin jagorancin Arseniy Yatsenyuk, ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar kungiyar EU tare da rusa Berkut.Petro Poroshenko ya zama shugaban kasa bayan nasara a zaben shugaban kasa na 2014 (54.7% na kuri'un da aka kada a zagayen farko).Sabuwar gwamnatin ta mayar da gyare-gyaren 2004 ga kundin tsarin mulkin Ukraine wanda aka soke a matsayin wanda ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki a shekara ta 2010, kuma ta kaddamar da korar ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke da alaka da gwamnatin da aka hambarar.Haka kuma an yi ta wargajewa a kasar.
An sabunta ta ƙarsheFri Feb 10 2023

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