Ƙungiyar Lublin ta 1569 ta kafa Ƙungiyar Commonwealth ta Poland-Lithuania, wata ƙasa ta tarayya da ta fi dacewa fiye da tsarin siyasa na farko tsakanin Poland da Lithuania.Poland – Lithuania ta zama sarautar zaɓaɓɓu, inda sarakunan gado suka zaɓi sarki.Tsarin mulkin sarakuna, wanda ya fi na sauran ƙasashen Turai yawa, ya zama tsarin dimokraɗiyya na farko ("ƙaƙƙarfan demokraɗiyya mai daraja"), sabanin sarautun da aka yi a wancan lokacin a sauran ƙasashen Turai.Farkon Commonwealth ya zo daidai da wani lokaci a tarihin Poland lokacin da aka sami babban iko na siyasa kuma an sami ci gaba a cikin wayewa da wadata.Ƙungiyar Poland-Lithuania ta zama mai tasiri a cikin harkokin Turai da kuma muhimmiyar al'adu wanda ya yada al'adun Yammacin Turai (tare da halayen Poland) zuwa gabas.A cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 16 da rabin farko na karni na 17, Commonwealth ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi girma da yawan jama'a a Turai ta wannan zamani, yankin da ke kusa da murabba'in kilomita miliyan daya kuma yana da kusan miliyan goma.Tattalin arzikinta ya mamaye harkar noma mai mayar da hankali kan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ketare.An ba da tabbacin haƙurin addini na ƙasa a cikin Warsaw Confederation a 1573.