A cikin ƙarshen karni na 18th, an yi ƙoƙarin yin gyare-gyare na asali na cikin gida a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth yayin da ta zame cikin rugujewa.Ayyukan gyare-gyaren, wanda ƙungiyar dangin Czartoryski mai girma da aka sani da Familia suka haɓaka da farko, ya haifar da martani mai ƙiyayya da martani na soja daga maƙwabta, amma ya haifar da yanayi wanda ya inganta haɓakar tattalin arziki.Babban birni mafi yawan jama'a, babban birnin Warsaw, ya maye gurbin Danzig (Gdańsk) a matsayin babbar cibiyar kasuwanci, kuma mahimmancin azuzuwan zamantakewar birane masu wadata ya karu.Shekarun baya-bayan nan na wanzuwar Commonwealth masu zaman kansu sun kasance suna da yunƙurin kawo sauyi da ci gaba mai nisa a fagagen ilimi, rayuwar tunani, fasaha da juyin halitta na tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa.Zaɓen sarauta na shekara ta 1764 ya haifar da ɗaukaka Stanisław August Poniatowski, ƙwararrun ƙwararru mai ladabi da haɗin kai da dangin Czartoryski, amma Empress Catherine Babba ta Rasha ta zaɓe ta da hannu, wanda ya sa ran zai zama mabiyinta na biyayya.Stanisław August ya mulki kasar Poland-Lithuania har zuwa wargajewarta a shekara ta 1795. Sarkin ya shafe mulkinsa a tsaka mai wuya tsakanin sha'awarsa ta aiwatar da sauye-sauyen da suka wajaba don ceto jihar da ta gaza da kuma fahimtar wajabcin ci gaba da kulla alaka da masu daukar nauyin Rasha.Bayan kawar da Bar Confederation ( tawaye na manyan mutane da aka yi wa rinjayar Rasha), an raba sassan Commonwealth tsakanin Prussia, Austria da Rasha a cikin 1772 a sakamakon Frederick Great na Prussia, wani aikin da aka sani da sunan Bangaren Farko na Poland: An kwace manyan lardunan Commonwealth ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashe uku masu karfi na kasar kuma wata kasa ce kawai ta rage.