Ƙasar Isra'ila ta zamani tana da tarihin rayuwa na farko na ɗan adam tun shekaru miliyan 1.5.Tsofaffin shaidu, da aka samu a Ubeidiya kusa da Tekun Galili, sun haɗa da kayan aikin ƙarfe, wasu daga cikin na farko da aka samu a wajen Afirka.^[3] Sauran mahimman abubuwan da aka gano a yankin sun haɗa da kayan tarihi na masana'antar Acheulean mai shekaru miliyan 1.4, ƙungiyar Bizat Ruhama, da kayan aikin Gesher Bnot Yaakov.^[4]A cikin yankin Dutsen Karmel, fitattun shafuka irin su el-Tabun da Es Skhul sun samar da ragowar Neanderthals da farkon mutanen zamani.Waɗannan binciken sun nuna ci gaba da kasancewar ɗan adam a cikin yanki sama da shekaru 600,000, wanda ya tashi daga ƙananan Paleolithic zamanin zuwa yau kuma yana wakiltar kusan shekaru miliyan na juyin halittar ɗan adam.^[5] Sauran mahimman wuraren Paleolithic a Isra'ila sun haɗa da kogon Qesem da Manot.Skhul da Qafzeh hominids, wasu daga cikin tsoffin burbushin halittu na zamani da aka samu a wajen Afirka, sun rayu a arewacin Isra'ila kimanin shekaru 120,000 da suka wuce.Har ila yau yankin ya kasance gida ga al'adun Natufian a kusa da karni na 10 KZ, wanda aka sani don sauyawa daga salon mafarauta zuwa ayyukan noma na farko.^[6]