Bayan tawayen Bar Kokhba, Yahudiya ta ga canje-canjen al’umma.Al'ummar Maguzawa daga Siriya, Finisiya, da Larabawa sun zauna a cikin karkara, ^[113] yayin da Aelia Capitolina da sauran cibiyoyin gudanarwa suka zama tsoffin tsoffin sojojin Romawa da mazauna daga sassan yammacin daular.^[114]Romawa sun ƙyale Uban Uban, "Nasi," daga House of Hillel, ya wakilci al'ummar Yahudawa.Juda ha-Nasi, sanannen Nasi, ya tattara Mishnah kuma ya nanata ilimi, da gangan ya sa wasu Yahudawa jahilai su koma Kiristanci.^[115] Darussan Yahudawa a Shefaram da Bet Shearim sun ci gaba da karatu, kuma mafi kyawun malamai sun shiga Sanhedrin, da farko a Sepphoris, sannan a Tiberias.^[116] Yawancin majami'u daga wannan lokacin a Galili ^[117] da wurin binne shugabannin Sanhedrin a Beit She'arim ^[118] suna nuna ci gaban rayuwar addinin Yahudawa.A cikin karni na 3, yawan harajin Romawa da rikicin tattalin arziki ya haifar da ci gaba da ƙaura yahudawa zuwa daular Sasaniya mai haƙuri, inda al'ummomin Yahudawa da makarantun Talmudic suka bunƙasa.^[119] Karni na 4 ya ga manyan ci gaba a karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Constantine.Ya mai da Konstantinoful helkwatar Daular Roma ta Gabas kuma ya halatta Kiristanci.Mahaifiyarsa, Helena, ta jagoranci gina muhimman wuraren Kirista a Urushalima.^[120] Urushalima, wanda aka sake masa suna daga Aelia Capitolina, ya zama birni na Kirista, tare da hana Yahudawa zama a wurin amma an yarda su ziyarci rugujewar Haikali.^{[120 <]} > Wannan zamanin kuma ya shaida ƙoƙarin Kirista na kawar da arna, wanda ya kai ga lalata haikalin Romawa.^[121] A cikin 351-2, tawayen Yahudawa ga gwamnan Roma Constantius Gallus ya faru a Galili.^[122]