Mulkin Mohammad Reza Pahlavi a matsayin Sarkin Iran, wanda ya shafe daga 1941 zuwa 1979, yana wakiltar wani muhimmin lokaci mai sarkakiya a tarihin Iran, wanda ke da saurin sauye-sauyen zamani, hargitsin siyasa, da sauyin zamantakewa.Za a iya raba mulkinsa zuwa matakai daban-daban, kowanne yana da yanayin siyasa, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa daban-daban.Yakin duniya na biyu ya mamaye shekarun farkon mulkin Mohammad Reza Shah da kuma mamayar da sojojin kawance suka yi wa Iran daga baya.A cikin wannan lokaci, Iran ta fuskanci rikice-rikice na siyasa, ciki har da tilastawa mahaifinsa, Reza Shah, murabus a shekara ta 1941. Wannan lokaci ya kasance lokaci na rashin tabbas, tare da Iran na fama da tasirin waje da kuma rashin kwanciyar hankali na cikin gida.A zamanin baya-bayan nan, Mohammad Reza Shah ya fara wani shiri na zamani mai cike da buri, wanda tsarin kasashen Yamma ya yi tasiri sosai.A shekarun 1950 da 1960 sun shaida yadda aka aiwatar da juyin juya halin Musulunci, jerin gyare-gyare da aka yi da nufin zamanantar da tattalin arzikin kasar da zamantakewar al'umma.Wadannan gyare-gyaren sun hada da sake rabon kasa, da zaben mata, da fadada harkokin ilimi da kiwon lafiya.To sai dai kuma wadannan sauye-sauyen sun haifar da sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba, kamar gudun hijirar mazauna karkara da saurin ci gaban birane kamar Tehran.Har ila yau, mulkin Shah ya kasance alama ce ta salon mulkinsa na mulkin kama-karya.Juyin mulkin 1953, wanda aka shirya tare da taimakon CIA da MI6 na Burtaniya, wanda ya maido da shi bayan wani dan lokaci da aka yi juyin mulki, ya karfafa matsayinsa sosai.Wannan al’amari ya zama wani sauyi, wanda ya kai ga samun mulkin kama-karya, wanda ke da nasaba da murkushe ‘yan adawar siyasa da mayar da jam’iyyun adawa saniyar ware.SAVAK, ’yan sandan sirri da aka kafa tare da taimakon CIA, sun yi kaurin suna saboda munanan dabarunsu na murkushe adawa.Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Iran ta samu ci gaba sosai a wannan lokacin, wanda galibin man da take da shi ne ya bunkasa.A shekarun 1970s an sami karuwar kudaden shigar mai, wanda sarki Shah ya yi amfani da shi wajen ba da tallafin manyan ayyukan masana'antu da fadada ayyukan soji.Koyaya, wannan haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ya kuma haifar da ƙara rashin daidaito da cin hanci da rashawa, yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin al'umma.A al'adance, zamanin Shah lokaci ne na gagarumin sauyi.Haɓaka al'adu da dabi'u na yammacin Turai, tare da murkushe ayyukan gargajiya da na addini, ya haifar da rikicin al'adu tsakanin Iraniyawa da yawa.Wannan lokacin ya shaidi haɓakar manyan ƴan ƙasashen yamma masu ilimi, waɗanda galibi ba su da alaƙa da ɗabi'un al'adun gargajiya da salon rayuwar jama'a.A karshen shekarun 1970 ne mulkin Mohammad Riza Shah ya koma baya, wanda ya kawo karshe a juyin juya halin Musulunci na shekarar 1979. Juyin juya halin da Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini ya jagoranta, ya kasance mayar da martani ga shekaru da dama na mulkin kama-karya, rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, da kuma al'adun yammacin duniya.Gazawar Shah wajen mayar da martani yadda ya kamata kan tashe tashen hankula da ke kara ta’azzara, sakamakon matsalolin lafiyarsa, wanda a karshe ya kai ga hambarar da shi da kuma kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.