History of Hungary

Juyin juya halin Hungary na 1848
Wakar kasa da ake karantawa a gidan tarihi na kasa ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1848 Mar 15 - 1849 Oct 4

Juyin juya halin Hungary na 1848

Hungary
Kishin kasa na Hungary ya fito a tsakanin masu hankali da zamanin wayewa da Romanticism suka rinjayi.Ya girma cikin sauri, yana samar da tushen juyin juya halin 1848-49.An mai da hankali sosai kan yaren Magyar, wanda ya maye gurbin Latin a matsayin harshen jihar da makarantu.[68 <>] A cikin 1820s, an tilasta wa Sarkin sarakuna Francis I ya kira Abincin Hungarian, wanda ya ƙaddamar da Zaman Gyara.Duk da haka, ci gaban da aka samu ya ragu daga manyan mutane waɗanda suka jingina ga gatansu (keɓancewa daga haraji, yancin zaɓe na musamman, da sauransu).Don haka, nasarorin da aka samu galibi sun kasance na halaye na alama, kamar ci gaban harshen Magyar.A ranar 15 ga Maris, 1848, zanga-zangar da aka yi a Pest da Buda ta baiwa masu neman sauyi na Hungary damar tura jerin buƙatun goma sha biyu.Abincin Hungarian ya yi amfani da Juyin Juyin Halitta na 1848 a yankunan Habsburg don kafa Dokokin Afrilu, cikakken shirin majalisa na sauye-sauye na yancin ɗan adam.Da yake fuskantar juyin juya hali a gida da kuma a Hungary, Sarkin Austriya Ferdinand I da farko ya karɓi buƙatun Hungary.Bayan da aka murkushe boren Austriya, wani sabon sarki Franz Joseph ya maye gurbin kawunsa Ferdinand mai fama da farfadiya.Yusufu ya ƙi duk wani gyare-gyare kuma ya fara ɗaukar makamai a kan Hungary.Bayan shekara guda, a cikin Afrilu 1849, an kafa gwamnati mai zaman kanta ta Hungary.[69]Sabuwar gwamnatin ta balle daga daular Austria.[70] An rushe gidan Habsburg a cikin yankin Hungarian na Daular Austriya, kuma an yi shelar Jamhuriyar Hungary ta farko, tare da Lajos Kossuth a matsayin gwamna da shugaban kasa.Firayim Minista na farko shine Lajos Batthyány.Yusufu da mashawartansa sun yi amfani da fasaha da fasaha wajen sarrafa ƙabilun ƙabilu na sabuwar ƙasar, ƙabilar Croatia, Sabiya da kuma Rumaniya, ƙarƙashin jagorancin firistoci da jami'ai masu aminci ga Habsburgs, kuma suka jawo su zuwa tawaye ga sabuwar gwamnati.'Yan kasar Hungary sun sami goyon bayan mafi yawan 'yan Slovak, Jamusawa, da Rusyn na kasar, da kusan dukkanin Yahudawa, da kuma yawan 'yan agaji na Poland, Austrian da Italiyanci.[71]Da yawa daga cikin mutanen da ba na kasar Hungary ba sun sami manyan mukamai a sojojin kasar Hungary, misali Janar János Damjanich, dan kabilar Sabiyawa wanda ya zama gwarzon kasar Hungarian ta hanyar kwamandan rundunar sojojin kasar ta Hungarian na uku.Da farko dai sojojin kasar Hungary (Honvédség) sun yi nasarar rike karfinsu.A cikin watan Yulin 1849, Majalisar Hungarian ta yi shela tare da zartar da yancin kabilanci da na tsiraru mafi ci gaba a duniya, amma ya yi latti.Don murkushe juyin juya halin Hungary, Yusufu ya shirya sojojinsa don yakar Hungary kuma ya sami taimako daga "Gendarme na Turai", Sarkin Rasha Nicholas I. A watan Yuni, sojojin Rasha sun mamaye Transylvania tare da sojojin Ostiriya da suka yi taho-mu-gama a kan Hungary daga yammacin gabas ta yamma inda suka mamaye yankin Transylvania. sun yi nasara (Italiya, Galicia da Bohemia).Sojojin Rasha da na Austriya sun mamaye sojojin Hungary, sannan Janar Artúr Görgey ya mika wuya a watan Agustan shekara ta 1849. Marshall na kasar Ostiriya Julius Freiherr von Haynau daga nan ya zama gwamnan Hungary na 'yan watanni kuma a ranar 6 ga Oktoba ya ba da umarnin kisan wasu shugabannin sojojin Hungary 13. haka kuma Firayim Minista Batthyany;Kossuth ya tsere zuwa gudun hijira.Bayan yakin 1848-1849, kasar ta nutse cikin "juriya mai tsauri".An nada Archduke Albrecht von Habsburg gwamnan Masarautar Hungary, kuma a wannan karon ana tunawa da Jamusanci da taimakon jami'an Czech.

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