Yakin Anglo-Afghanistan na Farko

Karni na 19 wani lokaci ne na gasar diflomasiyya tsakanin daulolin Birtaniya da na Rasha don yin tasiri a kudancin Asiya da aka fi sani da "Babban Wasan" ga Birtaniya da kuma "Gasar Inuwa" ga Rashawa.Ban da Sarki Paul wanda ya ba da umarnin mamayeIndiya a cikin 1800 (wanda aka soke bayan kashe shi a 1801), babu wani sarkin Rasha da ya taɓa yin la'akari da mamaye Indiya, amma a mafi yawan ƙarni na 19, ana kallon Rasha a matsayin "maƙiyi" a Biritaniya;kuma duk wani ci gaba na Rasha zuwa tsakiyar Asiya, zuwa kasashen Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan da Tajikistan, ko da yaushe ana zaton (a Landan) za a nusar da shi wajen mamaye Indiya, kamar yadda masanin tarihin Amurka David Fromkin ya lura, "komai yaya. mai nisa" irin wannan fassarar na iya zama.A cikin 1837, Lord Palmerston da John Hobhouse, suna tsoron rashin zaman lafiyar Afganistan, Sindh, da karuwar ikon daular Sikh zuwa arewa maso yamma, ya tayar da kallon yiwuwar mamayewa na Rasha na Birtaniya Indiya ta Afghanistan.Tunanin cewa Rasha ta kasance barazana ga Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya shine nau'in abubuwan da suka faru.Yanzu haka malamai sun yarda da wata fassara ta dabam cewa tsoron Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya shine a haƙiƙa shawarar Dost Mohammed Khan da Qajar Sarkin Iran na kulla kawance da kuma kashe mulkin Sikh a Punjab.Birtaniya sun ji tsoron cewa sojojin Musulunci da suka mamaye za su haifar da tashin hankali a Indiya daga jama'a da sarakunan sarakuna don haka aka yanke shawarar maye gurbin Dost Mohammed Khan da wani shugaba mai tsauri.A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1838 Lord Auckland ya ba da sanarwar Simla ta kai wa Dost Mohammed Khan hari saboda "harin da ba a so" a daular "tsohon abokinmu, Maharaja Ranjeet Singh", ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa Shuja Shah ya kasance "mai farin jini a duk fadin Afghanistan" kuma zai shiga tsohuwar mulkinsa "wanda sojojinsa suka kewaye shi kuma a ba shi goyon baya daga tsoma bakin kasashen waje da adawa mai tsanani daga sojojin Birtaniya".Lord Auckland ya bayyana cewa "Babban Sojojin Indus" za su fara tattaki a Kabul don hambarar da Dost Mohammed tare da mayar da Shuja Shah kan karagar mulkin Afganistan, mai yiwuwa saboda na karshen shi ne sarki na gaskiya, amma a zahiri don sanya Afghanistan a cikin juyin juya hali. Ƙasar Biritaniya na tasiri.Da yake jawabi a zauren majalisar, Duke na Wellington ya yi Allah wadai da mamayar, yana mai cewa za a fara samun matsala ne kawai bayan nasarar mamayar, inda ya yi hasashen cewa sojojin Anglo-Indiya za su fatattaki harajin kabilun Afganistan, sai dai su samu kansu cikin fafutukar ganin sun ci gaba. , kamar yadda tsaunin Hindu Kush da Afganistan ba su da hanyoyi na zamani, kuma suna kiran duka aikin "wauta" tun da Afghanistan kasa ce mai "dutse, yashi, hamada, kankara da dusar ƙanƙara".

"Rundunar sojojin Indus" wanda ya hada da sojojin Birtaniya da Indiya 21,000 a karkashin jagorancin John Keane, Baron Keane na farko ya tashi daga Punjab a watan Disamba 1838. Tare da su akwai William Hay Macnaghten, tsohon babban sakataren gwamnatin Calcutta, wanda ya kasance tare da su. An zabe shi a matsayin babban wakilin Biritaniya a Kabul.Ya haɗa da ƙaton jirgin ƙasa na mabiya sansanin 38,000 da raƙuma 30,000, da kuma garken shanu masu yawa.Birtaniyya ta yi niyya don samun kwanciyar hankali - wani runduna ya ɗauki fakitin foxhounds, wani kuma ya ɗauki raƙuma biyu don ɗaukar sigari, ƙananan hafsoshi na tare da bayi har 40, kuma wani babban jami'i ya buƙaci raƙuma 60 don ɗaukar tasirinsa.A karshen watan Maris na shekara ta 1839 sojojin Birtaniya sun ketara mashigar Bolan, suka isa birnin Quetta na kudancin Afghanistan, suka fara tattaki zuwa Kabul.Sun ci gaba ta cikin yanayi maras kyau, da hamada da tsaunuka masu tsayi, amma sun sami ci gaba mai kyau kuma daga ƙarshe sun kafa sansani a Kandahar a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1839. Bayan ya isa Kandahar, Keane ya yanke shawarar jira amfanin gona ya cika kafin ya ci gaba da tafiya, don haka abin ya kasance. har sai ranar 27 ga watan Yuni da rundunar sojojin Indus ta sake yin tattaki.Keane ya bar injunan killace kansa a Kandahar, wanda ya zama kuskure yayin da ya gano cewa bangon katangar Ghazni ya fi karfin da yake tsammani.Wani dan gudun hijira, Abdul Rashed Khan, dan uwan ​​Dost Mohammad Khan, ya sanar da Birtaniya cewa daya daga cikin kofofin kagara yana cikin mummunan yanayin gyara kuma ana iya harba shi da cajin foda.Kafin kagara, rundunar 'yan kabilar Ghilji da ke yaki a karkashin tutar jihadi sun kai wa Birtaniya hari, wadanda ke da burin kashe farangis, kalmar Pashtun mai ma'ana ga Birtaniya, kuma aka yi musu duka.Turawan Ingila sun kama fursunoni 50 da aka kai gaban Shuja, inda daya daga cikinsu ya daba wa wani minista wuka ta boye har lahira.

A ranar 23 ga Yulin 1839, a wani harin ba-zata, sojojin da Birtaniyya ke jagoranta sun kwace sansanin Ghazni, wanda ke kallon wani fili da ke kan gabas zuwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.Sojojin Birtaniyya sun tarwatsa kofar birnin guda daya sannan suka shiga cikin birnin cikin jin dadi.A lokacin yakin, Birtaniya sun sha wahala da aka kashe da raunata 200, yayin da Afganistan suka sha wahala aka kashe 500 da kama 1,500.An wadata Ghazni da kyau, wanda ya sauƙaƙa ci gaba sosai.Bayan haka da kuma boren Tajik a Istalif, Birtaniya ta yi tattaki zuwa Kabul ba tare da wata turjiya daga sojojin Dost Mohammad ba.Da yanayinsa ke kara tabarbarewa, Dost Mohammed ya yi tayin karbar Shuja a matsayin mai gidansa domin ya zama wazirinsa (al'adar gama gari a Pashtunwali), wanda nan da nan aka ki.A watan Agusta 1839, bayan shekaru talatin, Shuja ya sake zama a Kabul.Nan take Shuja ya tabbatar da sunansa na zalunci ta hanyar neman daukar fansa a kan duk wanda ya ketare shi domin ya dauki mutanensa a matsayin “karnuka” masu bukatar a koya musu su yi biyayya ga ubangijinsu.

Dost Mohammad ya gudu zuwa ga Sarkin Bukhara wanda ya keta ka'idar karbar baki ta hanyar jefa Dost Mohammad a cikin gidan kurkuku, inda ya shiga tare da Kanar Charles Stoddart.An aika Stoddart zuwa Bukhara domin ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta sada zumunci da kuma shirya tallafin da zai ci gaba da rike Bukhara a fagen mulkin Birtaniyya, amma an tura shi gidan kurkuku a lokacin da Nasrullah Khan ya yanke shawarar Birtaniya ba za ta ba shi cin hanci da yawa ba.Ba kamar Stoddart ba, Dost Mohammad ya sami damar tserewa daga kurkuku kuma ya gudu zuwa kudu zuwa Afghanistan.

Dost Mohammed ya tsere daga karimcin Sarkin Bukhara mai cike da shakku kuma a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1840, sojojinsa sun juya a Parwan Darra don ganawa da Janar Robert Sale na Biritaniya, inda ya yi nasarar fatattakar sojan doki na biyu na Bengal.Wannan shi ne ainihin saboda Indiyawan da ke cikin sojan doki na Bengal na 2 sun kasa bin jami'ansu da suka tuhumi Dost Mohammed, "Bayanin da sojojin doki suka bayar don rashin yin yaki shine "sun ƙin yarda da sabar Turanci" . Gaskiya mai sauƙi ita ce duk da Birtaniya ta yi. juyin juya halin masana'antu, jezail na Afganistan na hannu da takobi sun fi takwarorinsu na Biritaniya.Duk da cewa Sale ba shi da ɗan abin nunawa don yaƙin neman zaɓe da kuma ɓarnar da ya bari, Sale ya kira Parwan Darra nasara.Sai dai ya kasa boye gaskiyar dokin Bengal na 2 da ya bijire wa umarni, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kashe jami'an Birtaniya da dama.Atkinson, babban likitan tiyata na sojoji, ya kira haduwar "bala'i", Kaye kuma ya kira yakin cin nasara.Duk da haka, da yammacin ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1840, wani mahayan dawaki mai suna Sultan Muhammad Khan Safi, ya haura zuwa Macnaghten, kamar yadda da wannan, sai wani mahayan dawakai guda ɗaya ya bi shi, wanda ya zo Macnaghten.Wannan mahayan dawakai ba wani ba ne sai Dost Mohammad Khan.Duk da nasarar da ya samu, Dost Mohammad Khan ya mika wuya.An tura shi gudun hijira zuwa Indiya bayan ya ji jita-jita na shirin kashe shi.

Yawancin sojojin Birtaniya sun koma Indiya, inda suka bar 8,000 a Afganistan, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana cewa mulkin Shuja ba zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa ba kawai idan akwai karfi na Birtaniya.'Yan Afganistan sun ji haushin kasancewar Birtaniyya da mulkin Shah Shuja.Yayin da aikin ya ci gaba, jami'in siyasa na farko na Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya William Hay Macnaghten ya ba wa sojojinsa damar kawo iyalansu zuwa Afghanistan don inganta halin kirki;wannan ya kara harzuka mutanen Afganistan, domin da alama turawan ingila sun kafa mamaya na dindindin.Macnaghten ya sayi wani katafaren gida a Kabul, inda ya sanya matarsa, chandelier kristal, kyakkyawan zaɓi na giya na Faransa, da ɗaruruwan bayi daga Indiya, yana mai da kansa gabaɗaya a gida.Macnaghten, wanda ya taba zama alkali a wani karamin gari a Ulster kafin ya yanke shawarar cewa yana son zama fiye da karamin alkali a Ireland, an san shi da girman kai, rashin mutunci, kuma ana kiransa da “Manzo” ta hanyar duka biyun. Afganistan da Birtaniya.Matar wani jami'in Birtaniya, Lady Florentia Sale ta kirkiro wani lambun Ingilishi a gidanta da ke Kabul, wanda aka yi sha'awar sosai kuma a watan Agustan 1841 'yarta Alexadrina ta auri a gidanta na Kabul ga Laftanar John Sturt na Royal Engineers.Jami’an na Biritaniya sun gudanar da gasar tseren dawaki, da wasan kurket da kuma wasan kankara a lokacin sanyi a kan daskararrun tafkunan cikin gida, lamarin da ya bai wa ‘yan Afganistan mamaki da ba su taba ganin haka ba.

Tsakanin Afrilu da Oktoba 1841, kabilun Afganistan da ba su yarda da su ba sun yi ta tururuwa don tallafawa juriya ga Birtaniya a Bamiyan da sauran yankunan arewacin tsaunin Hindu Kush.Sarakuna irin su Mir Masjidi Khan da sauran su sun tsara su cikin gwagwarmaya mai inganci.A cikin watan Satumba na 1841, Macnaghten ya rage tallafin da ake ba wa sarakunan kabilar Ghilzai don musanya karbar Shuja a matsayin sarki da kuma ci gaba da bude hanyoyin wucewa, wanda nan da nan ya kai ga Ghazis tawaye da jihadi.Tallafin na wata-wata, wanda ya kasance cin hanci ga sarakunan Ghazi don su kasance masu aminci, an rage shi daga 80,000 rupees zuwa 40,000 a daidai lokacin da ake fama da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, kuma kasancewar amincin hakiman ya kasance na kuɗi gaba ɗaya, kiran jihadi ya ƙara ƙarfi.Macnaghten bai dauki barazanar da mahimmanci ba da farko, yana rubuta wa Henry Rawlinson a Kandahar a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1841: "Ghilzyes na Gabas suna ta yin taho-mu-gama game da wasu ragi da aka samu daga albashinsu. 'Yan ta'addan sun yi nasara gaba daya wajen yanke hanyoyin sadarwa don yin hakan. A wannan lokacin, abin da ya tunzura ni a wannan lokacin; amma za su ji daɗi don radadin da suke ciki. Ɗayan ƙasa, wani ya zo, shine ka'idar waɗannan ɓarna. "Macnaghten ya ba da umarnin balaguro.A ranar 10 ga Oktoban 1841, Ghazis a cikin wani farmaki na dare sun yi galaba a kan Sojan Ƙasa na Talatin da Biyar, amma an ci su a washegari ta Ƙarshen Haske na Goma sha Uku.Bayan shan kayen da suka yi, wanda ya kai ga 'yan tawayen su ka gudu zuwa tsaunuka, Macnaghten ya wuce gona da iri inda ya bukaci shugabannin da suka yi tawaye a yanzu su tura 'ya'yansu zuwa kotun Shuja a matsayin masu garkuwa da su don hana wani tawaye.Da yake Shuja yana da al’adar yanka mutanen da ba sa son shi ko kadan, bukatar da Macnaghten ya yi na cewa ‘ya’yan sarakunan su je harabar sarkin ya fuskanci firgita, lamarin da ya sa sarakunan Ghazi suka sha alwashin yaki da shi.Macnaghten, wanda aka nada a matsayin gwamnan Bombay, ya rabu tsakanin sha'awar barin Afganistan a kan babban matsayi tare da kasar ta zauna lafiya da kuma sha'awar murkushe Ghazis, wanda ya kai shi dan lokaci, a lokaci guda yana barazana ga mafi tsanani. ramuwar gayya da kuma lokaci na gaba, yin sulhu ta hanyar yin watsi da bukatar sa na yin garkuwa da su.An yi la'akari da musanya siyasar Macnaghten ta adawa da sasantawa a matsayin rauni, wanda ya karfafawa sarakunan da ke kusa da Kabul kwarin gwiwa su fara tawaye.Shuja bai samu karbuwa ba har da yawa daga cikin wazirinsa da dangin Durrani suka shiga tawaye.

A daren ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1841, wasu gungun sarakunan Afghanistan sun hadu a gidan Kabul na daya daga cikin su don tsara tashin hankalin, wanda ya fara da safiyar washegari.A cikin wani yanayi mai ƙonewa, jami'in siyasa na biyu na Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya, Sir Alexander 'Sekundar' Burnes ne ya samar da tartsatsin ba da gangan ba.Wata kuyanga 'yar Kashmir da ke wani sarkin Pashtun Abdullah Khan Achakzai da ke zaune a Kabul ta gudu zuwa gidan Burne.Lokacin da Ackakzai ya aika da masu rike da shi su kwaso ta, sai aka gano cewa Burnes ya kai kuyanga zuwa gadonsa, kuma ya sa aka yi wa daya daga cikin mutanen Azkakzai duka.An gudanar da wani taron sirri na sarakunan Pashtun don tattauna wannan cin zarafi na pashtunwali, inda Ackakzai rike da Kur'ani a hannu daya ya ce: "Yanzu mun sami barata wajen jefa wannan karkiya ta Ingilishi; suna mika hannun zalunci don wulakanta 'yan kasa masu zaman kansu. da karama: cin gindin kuyanga bai dace da wankan ibadar da ke biye da shi ba: amma dole mu tsaya nan da nan, in ba haka ba su turawan nan za su hau jakin sha’awarsu a fagen wauta, har ta kai ga gaci. an kama mu duka aka kore mu zuwa wani waje”.A karshen jawabin nasa, dukkan sarakunan suka yi ta ihun "Jihadi".Ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1841 ta fado ne a ranar 17 ga watan Ramadan wanda shine ranar tunawa da yakin Badar.‘Yan kasar Afganistan sun yanke shawarar yajin aikin ne a wannan rana saboda falalar dake tattare da wannan rana mai albarka ta 17 ga watan Ramadan.An yi kiran zuwa jihadi ne a safiyar ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba daga masallacin Pul-i-khisti da ke birnin KabulA wannan rana, wani gungun “masu kishin jini” sun bayyana a wajen gidan jami’in siyasa na biyu na Kamfanin East India Company, Sir Alexander ‘Sekundar’ Burnes, inda Burnes ya umurci masu gadin sa da kada su yi harbi yayin da ya tsaya a waje yana addabar ’yan ta’adda a Pashto. , yana ƙoƙarin shawo kan mutanen da suka taru cewa bai kwanta da ’ya’yansu mata da mata ba.’Yan zanga-zangar sun shiga gidan Burnes, inda shi, da dan uwansa Charles, da matansu da ‘ya’yansu, da mataimaka da dama da kuma ’yan fashin duk sun tsaga.Sojojin Birtaniyya ba su dauki wani mataki na mayar da martani ba duk da tafiyar mintuna biyar kacal, wanda ya kara karfafa tayar da kayar baya.Mutum daya tilo da ya dauki matakin a wannan rana shi ne Shuja wanda ya ba da umarnin fitar da daya daga cikin dakarunsa na Bala Hissar da wani sojan haya na Scotland mai suna Campbell ya umurci ya murkushe tarzomar, amma tsohon birnin Kabul da kunkuntar tituna, ya fifita masu tsaron baya, da Mutanen Campbell suna fuskantar wuta daga 'yan tawaye a cikin gidajen da ke sama.Bayan da aka kashe mutane kusan 200, Campbell ya koma Bala Hissar.Ba da jimawa ba al'amarin Birtaniyya ya tabarbare lokacin da 'yan Afganistan suka kai farmaki kan sansanin samar da kayayyaki marasa kyau a cikin Kabul a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba.A cikin makonni masu zuwa, kwamandojin Burtaniya sun yi ƙoƙarin yin shawarwari da Akbar Khan.Macnaghten a asirce ya yi tayin zama wazirin Akbar na Afganistan domin ya bar Birtaniya ta zauna, yayin da a lokaci guda ya bayar da makudan kudade domin a kashe shi, wanda aka kai rahoto ga Akbar Khan.An gudanar da taron tattaunawa kai tsaye tsakanin Macnaghten da Akbar a kusa da karamar hukumar a ranar 23 ga Disamba, amma Macnaghten da jami'an uku da ke tare da shi Akbar Khan ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi.An ja gawar Macnaghten a kan titunan birnin Kabul aka baje kolin a kasuwar bajekolin.Elphinstone ya riga ya rasa shugabancin sojojinsa kuma ikonsa ya lalace sosai.

Tashin hankalin da aka yi a Kabul ya tilasta wa kwamandan Manjo-Janar William Elphinstone, komawa ga sojojin Birtaniya a Jalalabad.A yayin da sojojin da yawan wadanda suka dogara da su da mabiya sansanin suka fara tattaki, sun fuskanci farmaki daga 'yan kabilar Afganistan.Yawancin ginshiƙan sun mutu saboda fallasa, sanyi ko yunwa, ko kuma an kashe su yayin faɗan.Rikicin Kabul ya tilastawa Manjo Janar Elphinstone janyewa.Don haka ya yi shawarwari da Wazir Akbar Khan, daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Dost Mohammad Barakzai, inda sojojinsa za su koma sansanin Jalalabad mai nisan sama da kilomita 140.'Yan Afganistan sun kaddamar da hare-hare masu yawa a kan ginshikin yayin da suke samun ci gaba a hankali a cikin dusar kankara a kan titin Kabul-Jalalabad a yanzu.A cikin duka sojojin Burtaniya sun yi asarar sojoji 4,500, tare da fararen hula kusan 12,000: na karshen ya hada da iyalan sojojin Indiya da Burtaniya, da ma'aikata, bayi da sauran mabiya sansanin Indiya.An yi wasan karshe ne a wajen wani kauye mai suna Gandamak a ranar 13 ga Janairu.

Yakin Gandamak a ranar 13 ga Janairun 1842 ya kasance cin kashin da sojojin Birtaniya suka yi a hannun 'yan kabilar Afganistan a shekara ta 1842 da suka fice daga Kabul na sojojin Janar Elphinstone, a lokacin da sojojin na karshe da suka tsira daga sojojin - hafsoshi ashirin da sojojin Birtaniya arba'in da biyar na 44th East Essex. Regiment — an kashe.Babban rukunin maza guda daya da suka tsira, wanda ya kunshi jami'ai 20 da sojojin turai 45, galibin sojoji ne na runduna ta 44 ta kafa, sun yi kokarin ci gaba da tafiya amma suka samu kansu a kan wani tudu mai dusar kankara kusa da kauyen Gandamak.Tare da musket guda 20 da ke aiki da harbi biyu a kowane makami, sojojin sun ki mika wuya.An ce wani Sajan dan Burtaniya ya yi kuka "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne!"lokacin da Afganistan suka yi kokarin shawo kan sojojin za su ceci rayukansu.Daga nan aka fara zage-zage, sai gaggauwa ta biyo baya;nan da nan sai ’yan kabilar suka mamaye tudun.Ba da daɗewa ba, an kashe sauran sojojin.

Daga cikin mutane sama da 16,000 daga rukunin da Elphinstone ya umarta, Bature ɗaya ne kawai (Mataimakin Likita William Brydon) da ƴan sepoys na Indiya suka isa Jalalabad.Fiye da fursunonin Burtaniya ɗari da fararen hula da aka yi garkuwa da su daga baya aka sake su.Kusan 2,000 na Indiyawa, waɗanda yawancinsu sanyi ya raunata, sun tsira kuma sun koma Kabul don wanzuwa ta hanyar bara ko a sayar da su zuwa bauta.Wasu aƙalla sun koma Indiya bayan wani harin da Birtaniyya ta kai a Kabul bayan wasu watanni, amma wasu sun kasance a baya a Afghanistan.Da yawa daga cikin mata da kananan yara an yi garkuwa da su ne a hannun kabilun da ke fada da juna a Afghanistan;wasu daga cikin wadannan matan sun auri wadanda suka yi garkuwa da su, yawancinsu mabiya sansanin Afganistan da Indiya wadanda matan jami’an Birtaniya ne.Yaran da aka dauko daga fagen fama a lokacin wadanda daga baya aka gano su a farkon karni na 20 na sojojin da suka mutu, iyalan Afghanistan ne suka rene su a matsayin ’ya’yansu.

Yakin na Kabul wani bangare ne na wani yakin ladabtarwa da turawan Ingila suka dauka kan 'yan Afganistan bayan mummunan ja da baya daga birnin Kabul.Dakarun Kamfanonin Burtaniya da Gabashin Indiya biyu sun yi gaba a babban birnin Afganistan daga Kandahar da Jalalabad don daukar fansa ga halakar wani karamin rukunin sojoji a watan Janairun 1842. Bayan da aka kwato fursunonin da aka kama a lokacin ja da baya, Burtaniya ta rusa wasu sassa na Kabul kafin su janye zuwa Indiya.Matakin shine gamawa da yakin Anglo-Afghanistan na farko.

Muryoyi da yawa a Biritaniya, daga Lord Aberdeen zuwa Benjamin Disraeli, sun soki yakin a matsayin gaggauce da rashin hankali.Barazanar da ake hasashe daga Rasha an yi karin gishiri sosai, idan aka yi la’akari da nisa, kusan shingen tsaunuka da ba za a iya wucewa ba, da matsalolin dabaru da mamaya zai magance.A cikin shekaru talatin bayan yakin Anglo-Afghanistan na farko, Rashawa sun ci gaba da tafiya kudu zuwa Afganistan.A cikin 1842, iyakar Rasha ta kasance a wancan gefen Tekun Aral daga Afghanistan.A shekara ta 1865 Tashkent an haɗa shi bisa ƙa'ida, kamar yadda Samarkand ya kasance bayan shekaru uku.Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a 1873 da Amir Alim Khan na Daular Manghit, mai mulkin Bukhara, kusan ta kwace masa 'yancin kai.Daga nan sai ikon Rasha ya kai har zuwa bankin arewacin Amu Darya.A cikin 1878, Burtaniya ta sake mamayewa, wanda ya fara yakin Anglo-Afganistan na biyu.