![ইতালির ইতিহাস](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/b6/2b/68/b62b6890e5450b394910b5bff4695bc8.jpg)
ইতালির ইতিহাস টাইমলাইন
নুরাগিক সভ্যতা
Etruscan সভ্যতা
রোমান রাজ্য
ইতালীয় রেনেসাঁ
ইতালীয় যুদ্ধ
পাল্টা-সংস্কার
ইতালির একীকরণ
ইতালি রাজ্য
ইতালীয় গৃহযুদ্ধ
পরিশিষ্ট
চরিত্র
তথ্যসূত্র
![ইতালির ইতিহাস](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/b6/2b/68/b62b6890e5450b394910b5bff4695bc8.jpg)
![নুরাগিক সভ্যতা](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/4e/41/0d/4e410da170d293e35957849cde373ac5.jpg)
নুরাগিক সভ্যতা
Sardinia, Italy![Etruscan সভ্যতা](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/aa/b2/81/aab281d32a88749ddb09ff95b9bd659c.jpg)
Etruscan সভ্যতা
Italy![রোমান রাজ্য](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/8f/dd/a3/8fdda353fa2f8c5e0eed3607beef68e8.jpg)
রোমান রাজ্য
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/4d/2a/ad/4d2aad3f59b52b08e0ddee7ba8a105e1.jpg)
রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![রোমান সাম্রাজ্য](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/16/87/fd/1687fdbe940729b0797531859d2db9c7.jpg)
রোমান সাম্রাজ্য
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্যের পতন](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/13/c4/fc/13c4fcee642fdb816de6d4794ed29fea.jpg)
পশ্চিম রোমান সাম্রাজ্যের পতন
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![অস্ট্রোগোথিক কিংডম](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/eb/bc/50/ebbc50459d55ef7045bc3e8d99ef3470.jpg)
অস্ট্রোগোথিক কিংডম
Ravenna, Province of Ravenna,![Lombards রাজ্য](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/25/77/fc/2577fc21d12ed5bf14c6c950f2884f41.jpg)
Lombards রাজ্য
Pavia, Province of Pavia, Ital![ফ্রাঙ্কস এবং পেপিনের দান](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Kaulbach_Die_Kaiserkr%C3%B6nung_Karls_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg/600px-Kaulbach_Die_Kaiserkr%C3%B6nung_Karls_des_Gro%C3%9Fen.jpg)
ফ্রাঙ্কস এবং পেপিনের দান
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![দক্ষিণ ইতালিতে ইসলাম](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/5e/57/79/5e577971a4a9dc4c9e8602629ef56e67.jpg)
দক্ষিণ ইতালিতে ইসলাম
Bari, Metropolitan City of Bar![দক্ষিণ ইতালির নরম্যান বিজয়](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Roger_I_de_Sicilia_en_la_batalla_de_Cerami%2C_por_Prosper_Lafaye.jpg/600px-Roger_I_de_Sicilia_en_la_batalla_de_Cerami%2C_por_Prosper_Lafaye.jpg)
দক্ষিণ ইতালির নরম্যান বিজয়
Sicily, Italy![গেল্ফ এবং ঘিবেলাইনস](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/9e/6b/1a/9e6b1ad59daf7e3e3225f16e2298ec84.jpg)
গেল্ফ এবং ঘিবেলাইনস
Milano, Metropolitan City of M![ইতালীয় শহর-রাষ্ট্রের উত্থান](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/0f/72/b9/0f72b9a7f2da690b0add93a0f0d3702f.jpg)
ইতালীয় শহর-রাষ্ট্রের উত্থান
Venice, Metropolitan City of V![ইতালীয় রেনেসাঁ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/7b/fd/e5/7bfde506417db235233ab1f223a2d1ab.jpg)
ইতালীয় রেনেসাঁ
Florence, Metropolitan City of![ইতালীয় যুদ্ধ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/bf/85/f5/bf85f5f6253616c559f889221a3bd2c2.jpg)
ইতালীয় যুদ্ধ
Italy![পাল্টা-সংস্কার](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Magi_-_WGA20244.jpg/600px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Magi_-_WGA20244.jpg)
পাল্টা-সংস্কার
Rome, Metropolitan City of Rom![ত্রিশ বছরের যুদ্ধ এবং ইতালি](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/a8/69/46/a869469358dd41f91ebb03902687e4a6.jpg)
ত্রিশ বছরের যুদ্ধ এবং ইতালি
Mantua, Province of Mantua, It![ইতালিতে জ্ঞানার্জনের বয়স](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ca%27_Rezzonico_Sala_dei_pastelli_-_Ritratto_di_gentiluomo_in_rosso_c.1740_-_Rosalba_Carriera.jpg/600px-Ca%27_Rezzonico_Sala_dei_pastelli_-_Ritratto_di_gentiluomo_in_rosso_c.1740_-_Rosalba_Carriera.jpg)
ইতালিতে জ্ঞানার্জনের বয়স
Italy![ইতালিতে স্প্যানিশ উত্তরাধিকারের যুদ্ধ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/c3/9b/29/c39b29f9dbc164e27266e1b3e7bd88a9.jpg)
ইতালিতে স্প্যানিশ উত্তরাধিকারের যুদ্ধ
Mantua, Province of Mantua, It![ফরাসি বিপ্লবী যুদ্ধের ইতালীয় প্রচারণা](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg/600px-La_Bataille_du_Pont_d%27Arcole.jpg)
ফরাসি বিপ্লবী যুদ্ধের ইতালীয় প্রচারণা
Mantua, Province of Mantua, Itফরাসি বিপ্লবী যুদ্ধের (1792-1802) ইতালীয় প্রচারাভিযানগুলি মূলত উত্তর ইতালিতে ফরাসি বিপ্লবী সেনাবাহিনী এবং অস্ট্রিয়া, রাশিয়া, পিডমন্ট-সার্ডিনিয়া এবং অন্যান্য ইতালীয় রাজ্যগুলির একটি জোটের মধ্যে লড়াইয়ের একটি সিরিজ ছিল।
![ইতালির নেপোলিয়ন রাজ্য](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg/600px-Napoleon_I_of_France_by_Andrea_Appiani.jpg)
ইতালির নেপোলিয়ন রাজ্য
Milano, Metropolitan City of M![ইতালির একীকরণ](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg/600px-Episodio_delle_cinque_giornate_%28Baldassare_Verazzi%29.jpg)
ইতালির একীকরণ
Italy![ইতালি রাজ্য](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg/600px-With_Victor_Emmanuel.jpg)
ইতালি রাজ্য
Turin, Metropolitan City of Tu![প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় ইতালি](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/232_2_arriv%C3%A9e_de_r%C3%A9giments_italien_en_France.jpg/600px-232_2_arriv%C3%A9e_de_r%C3%A9giments_italien_en_France.jpg)
প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় ইতালি
Italy![ইতালীয় ফ্যাসিবাদ](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Has_seven_1_a.jpg/600px-Has_seven_1_a.jpg)
ইতালীয় ফ্যাসিবাদ
Italy![দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় ইতালি](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B27180%2C_Russland%2C_italienische_Soldaten_mit_Mauleseln.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-B27180%2C_Russland%2C_italienische_Soldaten_mit_Mauleseln.jpg)
দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় ইতালি
Italy![ইতালীয় গৃহযুদ্ধ](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/01_partigiani_a_milano1.jpg/600px-01_partigiani_a_milano1.jpg)
ইতালীয় গৃহযুদ্ধ
Italy![ইতালীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Umberto_II%2C_1944.jpg/600px-Umberto_II%2C_1944.jpg)
ইতালীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র
Italy![ইতালি মার্শাল প্ল্যান এবং ন্যাটোতে যোগ দেয়](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg/600px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg)
ইতালি মার্শাল প্ল্যান এবং ন্যাটোতে যোগ দেয়
Italy![ইতালীয় অর্থনৈতিক অলৌকিক ঘটনা](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Milano%2C_Centro_Direzionale_01.jpg/600px-Milano%2C_Centro_Direzionale_01.jpg)
ইতালীয় অর্থনৈতিক অলৌকিক ঘটনা
ItalyHistoryMaps Shop
![](https://shop.history-maps.com/cdn/shop/files/continentalarmy600px.jpg?v=1715410562)
Heroes of the American Revolution Painting
Explore the rich history of the American Revolution through this captivating painting of the Continental Army. Perfect for history enthusiasts and art collectors, this piece brings to life the bravery and struggles of early American soldiers.
Appendices
APPENDIX 1
Italy's Geographic Challenge
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 2
Why Was Italy so Fragmented in the Middle Ages?
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
Characters
![Petrarch](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Altichiero%2C_ritratto_di_Francesco_Petrarca.jpg/400px-Altichiero%2C_ritratto_di_Francesco_Petrarca.jpg)
Petrarch
Humanist
![Alcide De Gasperi](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Alcide_de_Gasperi_2.jpg/400px-Alcide_de_Gasperi_2.jpg)
Alcide De Gasperi
Prime Minister of Italy
![Julius Caesar](https://i.pinimg.com/400x/05/34/15/053415990b54b619544ac69837d1c210.jpg)
Julius Caesar
Roman General
![Giacomo Puccini](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/GiacomoPuccini.jpg/400px-GiacomoPuccini.jpg)
Giacomo Puccini
Composer
![Antonio Vivaldi](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg/400px-Vivaldi_La_Cave.jpg)
Antonio Vivaldi
Venetian Composer
![Pompey](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pompey_the_Great%2C_Augustean_copy_of_a_70-60_BC_original%2C_Venice_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_%2822205132751%29.jpg/400px-Pompey_the_Great%2C_Augustean_copy_of_a_70-60_BC_original%2C_Venice_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale_%2822205132751%29.jpg)
Pompey
Roman General
![Giuseppe Garibaldi](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Garibaldi_%281866%29.jpg/400px-Garibaldi_%281866%29.jpg)
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Unifier
![Livy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Titus-Livius-Austrian-Parliament-Building.jpg/400px-Titus-Livius-Austrian-Parliament-Building.jpg)
Livy
Historian
![Marcus Licinius Crassus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Late_Roman_Republic_bust_in_the_Glyptothek%2C_Copenhagen.jpg/400px-Late_Roman_Republic_bust_in_the_Glyptothek%2C_Copenhagen.jpg)
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Roman General
![Leonardo da Vinci](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_presumed_self-portrait_-_WGA12798.jpg/400px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_presumed_self-portrait_-_WGA12798.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci
Polymath
![Giuseppe Mazzini](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg/400px-Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg)
Giuseppe Mazzini
Italian Politician
![Marco Polo](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg/400px-Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg)
Marco Polo
Explorer
![Dante Alighieri](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Portrait_de_Dante.jpg/400px-Portrait_de_Dante.jpg)
Dante Alighieri
Poet
![Giuseppe Verdi](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Primo_ritratto_boldiniano_di_Verdi.jpg/400px-Primo_ritratto_boldiniano_di_Verdi.jpg)
Giuseppe Verdi
Composer
![Cosimo I de' Medici](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Agnolo_Bronzino_-_Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici_in_armour_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-Agnolo_Bronzino_-_Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici_in_armour_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
Cosimo I de' Medici
Grand Duke of Tuscany
![Umberto II of Italy](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Umberto_II%2C_1944.jpg/400px-Umberto_II%2C_1944.jpg)
Umberto II of Italy
Last King of Italy
![Galileo Galilei](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Galileo-sustermans4.jpg/400px-Galileo-sustermans4.jpg)
Galileo Galilei
Polymath
![Niccolò Machiavelli](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg/400px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli.jpg)
Niccolò Machiavelli
Philosopher
![Victor Emmanuel II](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/VictorEmmanuel2.jpg/400px-VictorEmmanuel2.jpg)
Victor Emmanuel II
King of Sardinia
![Marcus Aurelius](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Imperator_Antoninus_Pius.jpg/400px-Imperator_Antoninus_Pius.jpg)
Marcus Aurelius
Roman Emperor
![Christopher Columbus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Portrait_of_a_Man%2C_Said_to_be_Christopher_Columbus.jpg/400px-Portrait_of_a_Man%2C_Said_to_be_Christopher_Columbus.jpg)
Christopher Columbus
Explorer
![Benito Mussolini](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Duce_Benito_Mussolini.jpg/400px-Duce_Benito_Mussolini.jpg)
Benito Mussolini
Duce of Italian Fascism
![Michelangelo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Michelangelo_Daniele_da_Volterra_%28dettaglio%29.jpg/400px-Michelangelo_Daniele_da_Volterra_%28dettaglio%29.jpg)
Michelangelo
Polymath
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- Riall, Lucy. Garibaldi: Invention of a hero (Yale UP, 2008).
- Riall, Lucy. Risorgimento: The History of Italy from Napoleon to Nation State (2009)
- Riall, Lucy. The Italian Risorgimento: State, Society, and National Unification (Routledge, 1994) online
- Ridley, Jasper. Garibaldi (1974), a standard biography.
- Roberts, J.M. "Italy, 1793–1830" in C.W. Crawley, ed. The New Cambridge Modern History: IX. War and Peace in an age of upheaval 1793-1830 (Cambridge University Press, 1965) pp 439–461. online
- Scullard, H. H. A History of the Roman World 753–146 BC (5th ed. 2002), 596pp
- Smith, D. Mack (1997). Modern Italy: A Political History. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-10895-6.
- Smith, Denis Mack. Cavour (1985)
- Smith, Denis Mack. Medieval Sicily, 800–1713 (1968)
- Smith, Denis Mack. Victor Emanuel, Cavour, and the Risorgimento (Oxford UP, 1971)
- Stiles, A. The Unification of Italy 1815–70 (2nd edition, 2001)
- Thayer, William Roscoe (1911). The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1. old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859; volume 2 online covers 1859–62
- Tobacco, Giovanni. The Struggle for Power in Medieval Italy: Structures of Political Power (1989)
- Toniolo, Gianni, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy since Unification (Oxford University Press, 2013) 785 pp. online review; another online review
- Toniolo, Gianni. An Economic History of Liberal Italy, 1850–1918 (1990)
- Venturi, Franco. Italy and the Enlightenment (1972)
- White, John. Art and Architecture in Italy, 1250–1400 (1993)
- Wickham, Chris. Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000 (1981)
- Williams, Isobel. Allies and Italians under Occupation: Sicily and Southern Italy, 1943–45 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). xiv + 308 pp. online review
- Woolf, Stuart. A History of Italy, 1700–1860 (1988)
- Zamagni, Vera. The Economic History of Italy, 1860–1990 (1993) 413 pp. ISBN 0-19-828773-9.