![การต่อสู้ของเกตตีสเบิร์ก](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/72/48/ed/7248edaf847908849417cab347ca1927.jpg)
การต่อสู้ของเกตตีสเบิร์ก เส้นเวลา
อารัมภบท
สรุปวันแรก
เดวิสกับคัตเลอร์
ตัดทางรถไฟ
พักเที่ยง
ยูเนี่ยน รีทรีต
กองหลัง
Lee กด Ewell บน
ตอนเย็น
สรุปวันที่สอง
สภาสัมพันธมิตร
การโจมตีของฮูด
ถ้ำปีศาจ
สวนพีช
คัลป์สฮิลล์
สภาสงคราม
สรุปวันที่สาม
ลีล่าถอย
บทส่งท้าย
ภาคผนวก
ตัวอักษร
เชิงอรรถ
การอ้างอิง
![การต่อสู้ของเกตตีสเบิร์ก](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/72/48/ed/7248edaf847908849417cab347ca1927.jpg)
อารัมภบท
Gettysburg, PA, USA![การมองเห็นในช่วงต้น](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/87/a8/ab/87a8ab7c94286904a5020c9d41345144.jpg)
การมองเห็นในช่วงต้น
Gettysburg, PA, USA![สรุปวันแรก](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/5d/ef/96/5def962bc9ec02f78b1fb413f61e39a9.jpg)
สรุปวันแรก
Gettysburg, PA, USA![แผนกของ Heth ออกเดินทางไปที่ Gettysburg](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/dd/1a/9b/dd1a9b4b14a15ab55fa9ffc9b3557095.jpg)
แผนกของ Heth ออกเดินทางไปที่ Gettysburg
Cashtown, PA, USA![การป้องกันโดยทหารม้าของ Buford](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/1c/e9/33/1ce933d5716656d7b7d138868757a2a3.jpg)
การป้องกันโดยทหารม้าของ Buford
McPherson Farm, Chambersburg R![เดวิสกับคัตเลอร์](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/fb/41/98/fb419848737efd56ae22f9d67cbd67b5.jpg)
เดวิสกับคัตเลอร์
McPherson Farm, Chambersburg R![อาร์เชอร์กับเมเรดิธ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/82/cd/a6/82cda69db2ccbdf6b31cfccc87319ea6.jpg)
อาร์เชอร์กับเมเรดิธ
Herbst Woods, Gettysburg, PA,![ตัดทางรถไฟ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/28/e4/b2/28e4b238ecc68d33f12f96e34aa488ba.jpg)
ตัดทางรถไฟ
The Railroad Cut, Gettysburg,![พักเที่ยง](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/dc/57/28/dc5728a15a8da1fbdb6ea3781b9e6352.jpg)
พักเที่ยง
McPherson Farm, Chambersburg R![การต่อสู้โอ๊คริดจ์](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/c5/c2/1a/c5c21ae8d922b6077d844b3b684488aa.jpg)
การต่อสู้โอ๊คริดจ์
Eternal Light Peace Memorial,![การต่อสู้ Knoll ของ Barlow](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/fe/49/83/fe4983f30bab223d8691dcfae31bfe23.jpg)
การต่อสู้ Knoll ของ Barlow
Barlow Knoll, Gettysburg, PA,![Heth ต่ออายุการโจมตีของเขา](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/First_day_at_gettysburg.jpg/600px-First_day_at_gettysburg.jpg)
Heth ต่ออายุการโจมตีของเขา
McPherson Farm, Chambersburg R![Rodes และ Pender ทะลุทะลวง](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/f5/ad/cd/f5adcd7e267ab846aeab5b000029c85f.jpg)
Rodes และ Pender ทะลุทะลวง
Seminary Ridge, Gettysburg, PA![ยูเนี่ยน รีทรีต](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/91/99/88/919988be37d5d61c2a65a86ff8c68f3a.jpg)
ยูเนี่ยน รีทรีต
Gettysburg, PA, USAกองหลัง
The Railroad Cut, Gettysburg,สแตนด์ของคอสเตอร์
Brickyard Alley, Gettysburg, P![แฮนค็อกที่ Cemetery Hill](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/b4/fb/f4/b4fbf47f922498cfbacd0c02a57ccdf9.jpg)
แฮนค็อกที่ Cemetery Hill
East Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg![Lee กด Ewell บน](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/53/c9/07/53c907f057e2c99884a739abaa4a77ff.jpg)
Lee กด Ewell บน
Gettysburg Battlefield: Lee’s![ตอนเย็น](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/df/47/48/df4748bde163ccfb2d27748b157fa154.jpg)
ตอนเย็น
Gettysburg, PA, USA![สรุปวันที่สอง](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/62/d4/85/62d4853c3f268fd6f2d19fdc9bcbfa21.jpg)
สรุปวันที่สอง
Gettysburg, PA, USA![สภาสัมพันธมิตร](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/1b/f3/cb/1bf3cb0adfabcc7cc930a64a80b94bbb.jpg)
สภาสัมพันธมิตร
Gettysburg Battlefield: Lee’s![การปรับใช้วันที่สอง](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/7e/27/e3/7e27e3bd46fbf22b38eed2e425b93efc.jpg)
การปรับใช้วันที่สอง
Gettysburg, PA, USA![เคียวเปลี่ยนตำแหน่ง](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Gettysburg_Peach_Orchard_Edwin_Forbes.jpg/600px-Gettysburg_Peach_Orchard_Edwin_Forbes.jpg)
เคียวเปลี่ยนตำแหน่ง
The Peach Orchard, Wheatfield![การโจมตีของลองสตรีต](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/6b/49/f7/6b49f7200b35addb23d99604e43c320a.jpg)
การโจมตีของลองสตรีต
Warfield Ridge Observation Tow![การโจมตีของฮูด](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/f3/84/e3/f384e309263081ca72dedaefd7df556f.jpg)
การโจมตีของฮูด
The Slyder Farm, Slyder Farm L![ถ้ำปีศาจ](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/a1/b1/24/a1b124613b8b4d6196105d34253aac94.jpg)
ถ้ำปีศาจ
Devil's Den, Gettysburg Nation![Warren เสริม Little Round Top](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/29/e3/a0/29e3a0c7542fb0a0734790d36aea0794.jpg)
Warren เสริม Little Round Top
Little Round Top, Gettysburg N![การต่อสู้ของ Little Round Top](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/fc/d3/66/fcd366ef350004948561db44e6bd1302.jpg)
การต่อสู้ของ Little Round Top
Little Round Top, Gettysburg N![การโจมตีของ McLaws](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/88/ee/2b/88ee2b364c34adc2af91498e9480f830.jpg)
การโจมตีของ McLaws
The Peach Orchard, Wheatfield![สวนพีช](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/82/22/7d/82227d76d24cdc6c622f5c80d7c79430--guerra-civil-americana-civil-war-art.jpg)
สวนพีช
The Peach Orchard, Wheatfield![ทุ่งข้าวสาลีสีเลือด](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/a5/66/28/a566281fbce19fb4ebd19b7084128972.jpg)
ทุ่งข้าวสาลีสีเลือด
Houck's Ridge, Gettysburg Nati![การจู่โจมของแอนเดอร์สัน](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/6d/42/e3/6d42e34f2f6c5d21d0a97d45bb139a6d.jpg)
การจู่โจมของแอนเดอร์สัน
Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg, PA![ดาบปลายปืนของแชมเบอร์เลน](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/33/64/f1/3364f12ce154b82f53cca325cfe40c9b.jpg)
ดาบปลายปืนของแชมเบอร์เลน
Little Round Top, Gettysburg N![คัลป์สฮิลล์](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/a0/2b/04/a02b04bf84347cb62e4b192d1391d2ce.jpg)
คัลป์สฮิลล์
Culp's Hill, Culps Hill, Getty![การต่อสู้ของ East Cemetery Hill](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/34/b0/01/34b0017c8b993bfd362dce4ac7e691ee.jpg)
การต่อสู้ของ East Cemetery Hill
Memorial to Major General Oliv![สภาสงคราม](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/e7/c9/c2/e7c9c24e1a09d458b60387e90f1eba88--civil-war-us-historical-art.jpg)
สภาสงคราม
Leister Farm, Meade's Headquar![สรุปวันที่สาม](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/88/52/41/88524164782ba8fc46f0206bf8c61c28.jpg)
สรุปวันที่สาม
Gettysburg, PA, USA![ต่ออายุการต่อสู้ที่ Culp's Hill](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/67/2d/ec/672decf767263a6e8f133747a8c8f9de.jpg)
ต่ออายุการต่อสู้ที่ Culp's Hill
Culp's Hill, Culps Hill, Getty![ศึกสนามม้าตะวันออก](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/b5/14/9c/b5149c36f6baa588cabdd94e0892508a.jpg)
ศึกสนามม้าตะวันออก
East Cavalry Field, Cavalry Fi![การระดมยิงด้วยปืนใหญ่ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในสงคราม](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/ae/79/97/ae79977e910bb7b6b314f055fb84f79e.jpg)
การระดมยิงด้วยปืนใหญ่ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในสงคราม
Seminary Ridge, Gettysburg Nat![ค่าใช้จ่ายของ Pickett](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/e8/d5/e0/e8d5e07d1b670a1daa7e0d30a9ac110c.jpg)
ค่าใช้จ่ายของ Pickett
Cemetery Ridge, Gettysburg, PAยุทธการทหารม้าภาคใต้
Big Round Top, Cumberland Town![ลีล่าถอย](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/20/8c/1c/208c1caee55cddb1c0eee3a6fcd5f237.jpg)
ลีล่าถอย
Cashtown, PA, USAบทส่งท้าย
Gettysburg, PA, USAHistoryMaps Shop
![](https://shop.history-maps.com/cdn/shop/files/continentalarmy600px.jpg?v=1715410562)
Heroes of the American Revolution Painting
Explore the rich history of the American Revolution through this captivating painting of the Continental Army. Perfect for history enthusiasts and art collectors, this piece brings to life the bravery and struggles of early American soldiers.
Appendices
APPENDIX 1
American Civil War Army Organization
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 2
Infantry Tactics During the American Civil War
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 3
American Civil War Cavalry
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 4
American Civil War Artillery
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 5
Army Logistics: The Civil War in Four Minutes
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
Characters
![Albion P. Howe](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Albion_P._Howe_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-Albion_P._Howe_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
Albion P. Howe
VI Corps - Divisional Commander
![Andrew A. Humphreys](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Andrew_A._Humphreys_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-Andrew_A._Humphreys_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
Andrew A. Humphreys
III Corps - Divisional Commander
![Henry Warner Slocum](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Henry_Warner_Slocum.jpg/400px-Henry_Warner_Slocum.jpg)
Henry Warner Slocum
XII Corps - Commanding General
![Daniel Sickles](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Daniel_Edgar_Sickles.jpg/400px-Daniel_Edgar_Sickles.jpg)
Daniel Sickles
III Corps - Commanding General
Adolph von Steinwehr
XI Corps - Divisional Commander
![Wade Hampton III](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Wade_Hampton.jpg/400px-Wade_Hampton.jpg)
Wade Hampton III
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![John F. Reynolds](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/GenJFRenyolds.jpg/400px-GenJFRenyolds.jpg)
John F. Reynolds
I Corps - Commanding General
![Alpheus S. Williams](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Alpheus_S._Williams.jpg/400px-Alpheus_S._Williams.jpg)
Alpheus S. Williams
XII Corps - Divisional Commander
James Barnes
V Corps - Divisional Commander
![Winfield Scott Hancock](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gen._Winfield_S._Hancock_-_NARA_-_529369_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Gen._Winfield_S._Hancock_-_NARA_-_529369_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Winfield Scott Hancock
II Corps - Commanding General
![John Gibbon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/John_Gibbon.jpg/400px-John_Gibbon.jpg)
John Gibbon
II Corps - Divisional Commander
![John D. Imboden](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gen._J.D._Imboden%2C_C.S.A_-_NARA_-_529238.jpg/400px-Gen._J.D._Imboden%2C_C.S.A_-_NARA_-_529238.jpg)
John D. Imboden
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![George Pickett](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/GeorgePickett.jpeg/400px-GeorgePickett.jpeg)
George Pickett
First Corps - Divisional Commander
![John C. Robinson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/John_Cleveland_Robinson.jpg/400px-John_Cleveland_Robinson.jpg)
John C. Robinson
I Corps - Divisional Commaner
![David B. Birney](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/David_B._Birney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-David_B._Birney_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
David B. Birney
III Corps - Divisional Commander
![David McMurtrie Gregg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/David_McMurtrie_Gregg.jpg/400px-David_McMurtrie_Gregg.jpg)
David McMurtrie Gregg
Union Cavalry Corps - Divisional Commander
![Francis C. Barlow](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Francis_C._Barlow_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Francis_C._Barlow_-_Brady-Handy_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Francis C. Barlow
XI Corps - Divisional Commander
![John Buford](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/John_Buford.jpg/400px-John_Buford.jpg)
John Buford
Union Cavalry Corps - Divisional Commander
![John W. Geary](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/John_W._Geary_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-John_W._Geary_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
John W. Geary
XII Corps - Divisional Commander
![John Newton](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/John_Newton_%28ACW%29.jpg/400px-John_Newton_%28ACW%29.jpg)
John Newton
VI Corps - Divisional Commander
![Romeyn B. Ayres](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Romeyn_B._Ayres_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-Romeyn_B._Ayres_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
Romeyn B. Ayres
V Corps - Divisional Commander
![Albert G. Jenkins](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/AGJenkins.jpg/400px-AGJenkins.jpg)
Albert G. Jenkins
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![John Bell Hood](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Lt._Gen._John_B._Hood.jpg/400px-Lt._Gen._John_B._Hood.jpg)
John Bell Hood
First Corps - Divisional Commander
![William E. Jones](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/WilliamEJones.jpg/400px-WilliamEJones.jpg)
William E. Jones
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![Henry Heth](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Henry_Heth.jpg/400px-Henry_Heth.jpg)
Henry Heth
Third Corps - Divisional Commander
![Alfred Pleasonton](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Alfred_Pleasonton.jpg/400px-Alfred_Pleasonton.jpg)
Alfred Pleasonton
Union Cavalry Corps - Commanding General
![Abner Doubleday](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Doubledayo.jpg/400px-Doubledayo.jpg)
Abner Doubleday
I Corps - Divisional Commander
![Beverly Robertson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Beverly_Robertson.png)
Beverly Robertson
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![J. E. B. Stuart](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jackson-Stonewall-LOC.jpg/400px-Jackson-Stonewall-LOC.jpg)
J. E. B. Stuart
Confederate Cavalry Divisional Commander
![Richard H. Anderson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Lieutenant_General_Richard_H._Anderson.png)
Richard H. Anderson
Third Corps - Divisional Commander
![Jubal Early](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/JubalSEarlyVignettep149crop.jpg/400px-JubalSEarlyVignettep149crop.jpg)
Jubal Early
Second Corps - Divisional Commander
James S. Wadsworth
I Corps - Divisional Commander
![Samuel W. Crawford](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Samuel_W._Crawford_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-Samuel_W._Crawford_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
Samuel W. Crawford
V Corps - Divisional Commander
![Richard S. Ewell](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Richard_S_Ewell.png)
Richard S. Ewell
Second Corps - Commanding General
![Edward Johnson](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Edward_Johnson_%28general%29.jpg/400px-Edward_Johnson_%28general%29.jpg)
Edward Johnson
Second Corps - Divisional Commander
![William Dorsey Pender](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/William_Dorsey_Pender.jpg/400px-William_Dorsey_Pender.jpg)
William Dorsey Pender
Third Corps - Divisional Commander
![John C. Caldwell](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/John_C._Caldwell_LOC_cwpb.04997.jpg/400px-John_C._Caldwell_LOC_cwpb.04997.jpg)
John C. Caldwell
II Corps - Divisional Commander
![Oliver Otis Howard](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg/400px-Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg)
Oliver Otis Howard
XI Corps - Commanding General
![James Longstreet](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/James_Longstreet.jpg/400px-James_Longstreet.jpg)
James Longstreet
First Corps - Commanding General
![A. P. Hill](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Portrait_of_Ambrose_Powell_Hill%2C_by_William_Ludwell_Sheppard.jpg/400px-Portrait_of_Ambrose_Powell_Hill%2C_by_William_Ludwell_Sheppard.jpg)
A. P. Hill
Third Corps - Commanding General
![Robert E. Rodes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Robert_E._Rodes2.jpg/400px-Robert_E._Rodes2.jpg)
Robert E. Rodes
Second Corps - Divisional Commander
![Robert E. Lee](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg/400px-Robert_Edward_Lee.jpg)
Robert E. Lee
General of the Army of Northern Virginia
![Horatio Wright](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/HGWright.jpg/400px-HGWright.jpg)
Horatio Wright
VI Corps - Divisional Commander
![George Meade](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/George_Meade_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/400px-George_Meade_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
George Meade
General of the Army of the Potomac
![Lafayette McLaws](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lafayette_McLaws%2C_seated.jpg/400px-Lafayette_McLaws%2C_seated.jpg)
Lafayette McLaws
First Corps - Divisional Commander
![George Sykes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GenGS.jpg/400px-GenGS.jpg)
George Sykes
V Corps - Commanding General
![John Sedgwick](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Gen._John_Sedgwick_%28cropped%29-_NARA_-_528582.jpg/400px-Gen._John_Sedgwick_%28cropped%29-_NARA_-_528582.jpg)
John Sedgwick
VI Corps - Commanding General
![John R. Chambliss](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/JRChambliss.jpg/400px-JRChambliss.jpg)
John R. Chambliss
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![Hugh Judson Kilpatrick](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Gen._Judson_Kilpatrick_-_NARA_-_528309-crop.jpg/400px-Gen._Judson_Kilpatrick_-_NARA_-_528309-crop.jpg)
Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
Union Cavalry Corps - Divisional Commander
![Fitzhugh Lee](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Fitzhugh_Lee_General.jpg/400px-Fitzhugh_Lee_General.jpg)
Fitzhugh Lee
Confederate Cavalry - Brigadier General
![Carl Schurz](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Abraham_Lincoln_-_a_history_%281890%29_%2814594110020%29.jpg/400px-Abraham_Lincoln_-_a_history_%281890%29_%2814594110020%29.jpg)
Carl Schurz
XI Corps - Divisional Commander
![Alexander Hays](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Alexander_Hays.jpg/400px-Alexander_Hays.jpg)
Alexander Hays
II Corps - Divisional Commander
Footnotes
- Busey and Martin, p. 260, state that Confederate "engaged strength" at the battle was 71,699; McPherson, p. 648, lists the Confederate strength at the start of the campaign as 75,000, while Eicher, p. 503 gives a lower number of 70,200.
- Coddington, pp. 8-9; Eicher, p. 490.
- Martin, p. 60.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 52-56; Martin, pp. 63-64.
- Eicher, p. 510.
- Martin, pp. 80-81.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 57, 59, 74; Martin, pp. 82-88, 96-97.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 60; Martin, p. 103.
- Martin, pp. 102, 104.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 77-78; Martin, pp. 140-43.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 13.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 81-90.
- Martin, pp. 149-61; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 91-98; Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 13.
- Martin, pp. 160-61; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 100-101.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 13.
- Martin, p. 125.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 102-14.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 112.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 148, 228; Martin, pp. 204-206.
- Martin, p. 198
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 123, 124, 128, 137; Martin, p. 198.
- Martin, pp. 198-202; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 137, 140, 216.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 15.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 130.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 238.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 158.
- Martin, pp. 205-210; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 163-66.
- Martin, pp. 224-38; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 170-78.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 182-84; Martin, pp. 247-55.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 194-213; Martin, pp. 238-47.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 275-76; Martin, p. 341.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 276-93; Martin, p. 342.
- Busey and Martin, pp. 298, 501.
- Busey and Martin, pp. 22, 386.
- Busey and Martin, pp. 27, 386.
- Martin, p. 366; Pfanz, First Day, p. 292.
- Martin, p. 395.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 229-48; Martin, pp. 277-91.
- Martin, p. 302; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 254-57.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 258-68; Martin, pp. 306-23.
- Sears, p. 217.
- Martin, pp. 386-93.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 305-11; Martin, pp. 394-404; Sears, p. 218.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 311-17; Martin, pp. 404-26.
- Martin, pp. 426-29; Pfanz, First Day, p. 302.
- Sears, p. 220; Martin, p. 446.
- Pfanz, First Day, p. 320; Sears, p. 223.
- Martin, pp. 379, 389-92.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 328-29.
- Martin, p. 333.
- Pfanz, First Day, pp. 337-38; Sears, pp. 223-25.
- Martin, pp. 482-88.
- Sears, p. 227; Martin, p. 504; Mackowski and White, p. 35.
- Mackowski and White, pp. 36-41; Bearss, pp. 171-72; Coddington, pp. 317-21; Gottfried, p. 549; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 347-49; Martin, p. 510.
- Eicher, p. 520; Martin, p. 537.
- Martin, p. 9, citing Thomas L. Livermore's Numbers & Losses in the Civil War in America (Houghton Mifflin, 1900).
- Trudeau, p. 272.
- A Map Study of the Battle of Gettysburg | Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- Eicher, p. 521; Sears, pp. 245-246.
- Clark, p. 74; Eicher, p. 521.
- Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 61, 111-112.
- Pfanz, Second Day, p. 112.
- Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 113-114.
- Pfanz, Second Day, p. 153.
- Harman, p. 27.
- Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 106-107.
- Hall, pp. 89, 97.
- Sears p. 263
- Eicher, pp. 523-524. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 21-25.
- Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 119-123.
- Harman, pp. 50-51.
- Eicher, pp. 524-525. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 158-167.
- Eicher, pp. 524-525. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 167-174.
- Harman, pp. 55-56. Eicher, p. 526.
- Eicher, p. 526. Pfanz, Second Day, p. 174.
- Adelman and Smith, pp. 29-43. Eicher, p. 527. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 185-194.
- Adelman and Smith, pp. 48-62.
- Adelman and Smith, pp. 48-62.
- Desjardin, p. 36; Pfanz, p. 5.
- Norton, p. 167. Norton was a member of the 83rd Pennsylvania, which Vincent commanded before becoming its brigade commander.
- Desjardin, p. 36; Pfanz, pp. 208, 216.
- Desjardin, pp. 51-55; Pfanz, p. 216.
- Pfanz, p. 232; Cross, David F. (June 12, 2006). "Battle of Gettysburg: Fighting at Little Round Top". HistoryNet.com. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- Desjardin, pp. 69-71.
- Desjardin, p. 69.
- Melcher, p. 61.
- Sears, pp. 298-300. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 318-332.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 34. Sears, p. 301. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 333-335.
- Sears, pp. 308-309. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 341-346.
- Sears, p. 346. Pfanz, Second Day, p. 318
- Eicher, p. 536. Sears, pp. 320-21. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 406, 410-14; Busey & Martin, Regimental Losses, p. 129.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 36. Sears, pp. 323-24. Pfanz, Second Day, pp. 386-89.
- "The Stonewall Brigade at Gettysburg - Part Two: Clash on Brinkerhoff's Ridge". The Stonewall Brigade. 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- Sears, p. 328.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 220-22; Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 40; Sears, p. 329.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 220-21.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, p. 234.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 238, 240-248.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 263-75.
- Sears, pp. 342-45. Eicher, pp. 539-40. Coddington, pp. 449-53.
- Pfanz, Second Day, p. 425.
- Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, pp. 42-43.
- Murray, p. 47; Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 288-89.
- Pfanz, Culp's Hill, pp. 310-25.
- Sears, pp. 366-68.
- Coddington, 402; McPherson, 662; Eicher, 546; Trudeau, 484; Walsh 281.
- Wert, p.194
- Sears, pp. 358-359.
- Wert, pp. 198-199.
- Wert, pp.205-207.
- McPherson, p. 662.
- McPherson, pp. 661-663; Clark, pp. 133-144; Symonds, pp. 214-241; Eicher, pp. 543-549.
- Glatthaar, p. 281.
- Sears, p. 460; Coddington, p. 521; Wert, p. 264.
- Longacre, p. 226; Sears, p. 461; Wert, p. 265.
- Sears, p. 461; Wert, pp. 266-67.
- Sears, p. 462; Wert, p. 269.
- Sears, p. 462; Wert, p. 271.
- Starr pp. 440-441
- Eicher, pp. 549-550; Longacre, pp. 226-231, 240-44; Sauers, p. 836; Wert, pp. 272-280.
- Starr, pp.417-418
- Starr, p. 443.
- Eicher, p. 550; Coddington, pp. 539-544; Clark, pp. 146-147; Sears, p. 469; Wert, p. 300.
- Coddington, p. 538.
- Coddington, p. 539.
- Busey and Martin, p. 125.
- Sears, p. 513.
- Gallagher, Lee and His Army, pp. 86, 93, 102-05; Sears, pp. 501-502; McPherson, p. 665, in contrast to Gallagher, depicts Lee as "profoundly depressed" about the battle.
- White, p. 251.
- Bearss, Edwin C. Fields of Honor: Pivotal Battles of the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006. ISBN 0-7922-7568-3.
- Bearss, Edwin C. Receding Tide: Vicksburg and Gettysburg: The Campaigns That Changed the Civil War. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4262-0510-1.
- Busey, John W., and David G. Martin. Regimental Strengths and Losses at Gettysburg, 4th ed. Hightstown, NJ: Longstreet House, 2005. ISBN 0-944413-67-6.
- Carmichael, Peter S., ed. Audacity Personified: The Generalship of Robert E. Lee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8071-2929-1.
- Catton, Bruce. Glory Road. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1952. ISBN 0-385-04167-5.
- Clark, Champ, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. Gettysburg: The Confederate High Tide. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985. ISBN 0-8094-4758-4.
- Coddington, Edwin B. The Gettysburg Campaign; a study in command. New York: Scribner's, 1968. ISBN 0-684-84569-5.
- Donald, David Herbert. Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. ISBN 0-684-80846-3.
- Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
- Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website.
- Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2, Fredericksburg to Meridian. New York: Random House, 1958. ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
- Fuller, Major General J. F. C. Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1957. ISBN 0-253-13400-5.
- Gallagher, Gary W. Lee and His Army in Confederate History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8078-2631-7.
- Gallagher, Gary W. Lee and His Generals in War and Memory. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8071-2958-5.
- Gallagher, Gary W., ed. Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-87338-629-6.
- Glatthaar, Joseph T. General Lee's Army: From Victory to Collapse. New York: Free Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-684-82787-2.
- Guelzo, Allen C. Gettysburg: The Last Invasion. New York: Vintage Books, 2013. ISBN 978-0-307-74069-4. First published in 2013 by Alfred A. Knopf.
- Gottfried, Bradley M. Brigades of Gettysburg: The Union and Confederate Brigades at the Battle of Gettysburg. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-306-81175-3
- Harman, Troy D. Lee's Real Plan at Gettysburg. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8117-0054-2.
- Hattaway, Herman, and Archer Jones. How the North Won: A Military History of the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983. ISBN 0-252-00918-5.
- Hoptak, John David. Confrontation at Gettysburg: A Nation Saved, a Cause Lost. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2012. ISBN 978-1-60949-426-1.
- Keegan, John. The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
- Longacre, Edward G. The Cavalry at Gettysburg. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986. ISBN 0-8032-7941-8.
- Longacre, Edward G. General John Buford: A Military Biography. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1995. ISBN 978-0-938289-46-3.
- McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-503863-0.
- Martin, David G. Gettysburg July 1. rev. ed. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-938289-81-0.
- Murray, Williamson and Wayne Wei-siang Hsieh. "A Savage War:A Military History of the Civil War". Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0-69-116940-8.
- Nye, Wilbur S. Here Come the Rebels! Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1984. ISBN 0-89029-080-6. First published in 1965 by Louisiana State University Press.
- Pfanz, Harry W. Gettysburg – The First Day. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8078-2624-3.
- Pfanz, Harry W. Gettysburg – The Second Day. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8078-1749-X.
- Pfanz, Harry W. Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. ISBN 0-8078-2118-7.
- Rawley, James A. (1966). Turning Points of the Civil War. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8935-9. OCLC 44957745.
- Sauers, Richard A. "Battle of Gettysburg." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
- Sears, Stephen W. Gettysburg. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. ISBN 0-395-86761-4.
- Starr, Stephen Z. The Union Cavalry in the Civil War: From Fort Sumter to Gettysburg, 1861–1863. Volume 1. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007. Originally Published in 1979. ISBN 978-0-8071-0484-2.
- Stewart, George R. Pickett's Charge: A Microhistory of the Final Attack at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1959. Revised in 1963. ISBN 978-0-395-59772-9.
- Symonds, Craig L. American Heritage History of the Battle of Gettysburg. New York: HarperCollins, 2001. ISBN 978-0-06-019474-1.
- Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
- Trudeau, Noah Andre. Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage. New York: HarperCollins, 2002. ISBN 0-06-019363-8.
- Tucker, Glenn. High Tide at Gettysburg. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1983. ISBN 978-0-914427-82-7. First published 1958 by Bobbs-Merrill Co.
- Walsh, George. Damage Them All You Can: Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7653-0755-2.
- Wert, Jeffry D. Gettysburg: Day Three. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-85914-9.
- White, Ronald C., Jr. The Eloquent President: A Portrait of Lincoln Through His Words. New York: Random House, 2005. ISBN 1-4000-6119-9.
- Wittenberg, Eric J. The Devil's to Pay: John Buford at Gettysburg: A History and Walking Tour. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2014, 2015, 2018. ISBN 978-1-61121-444-4.
- Wittenberg, Eric J., J. David Petruzzi, and Michael F. Nugent. One Continuous Fight: The Retreat from Gettysburg and the Pursuit of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, July 4–14, 1863. New York: Savas Beatie, 2008. ISBN 978-1-932714-43-2.
- Woodworth, Steven E. Beneath a Northern Sky: A Short History of the Gettysburg Campaign. Wilmington, DE: SR Books (scholarly Resources, Inc.), 2003. ISBN 0-8420-2933-8.
- Wynstra, Robert J. At the Forefront of Lee's Invasion: Retribution, Plunder and Clashing Cultures on Richard S. Ewell's Road to Gettysburg. Kent. OH: The Kent State University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-1-60635-354-7.
Memoirs and Primary Sources
- Paris, Louis-Philippe-Albert d'Orléans. The Battle of Gettysburg: A History of the Civil War in America. Digital Scanning, Inc., 1999. ISBN 1-58218-066-0. First published 1869 by Germer Baillière.
- New York (State), William F. Fox, and Daniel Edgar Sickles. New York at Gettysburg: Final Report on the Battlefield of Gettysburg. Albany, NY: J.B. Lyon Company, Printers, 1900. OCLC 607395975.
- U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.