Kunjungi Toko
Prolog
BalkansPerspektif Kekuatan Besar
AustriaPerjanjian Pra-Perang Balkan
BalkansPemberontakan Albania tahun 1912
Skopje, North MacedoniaPemberontakan Albania tahun 1912, juga dikenal sebagai Perang Kemerdekaan Albania, adalah pemberontakan terakhir melawan kekuasaan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah di Albania dan berlangsung dari bulan Januari hingga Agustus 1912. [100] Pemberontakan tersebut berakhir ketika pemerintah Utsmaniyah setuju untuk memenuhi kebutuhan para pemberontak. tuntutan pada tanggal 4 September 1912. Umumnya, Muslim Albania berperang melawan Ottoman dalam Perang Balkan yang akan datang.
Liga Balkan
BalkansSituasi Kekaisaran Ottoman
Edirne, Edirne Merkez/Edirne,Perang Balkan Pertama dimulai
Shkodra, AlbaniaPertempuran Kardzhali
Kardzhali, BulgariaPertempuran Kirk Kilisse
Kırklareli, TurkeyPertempuran Pente Pigadia
Pente Pigadia, GreecePertempuran Sarantaporo
Sarantaporo, GreecePertempuran Kumanovo
Kumanovo, North MacedoniaPengepungan Scutari
Shkodër, AlbaniaPertempuran Lule Burgas
Lüleburgaz, Kırklareli, TürkiyPertempuran Sorovich
Amyntaio, GreecePertempuran Yenidje
Giannitsa, GreecePertempuran Prilep
Prilep, North MacedoniaPengepungan Adrianople
Edirne, Edirne Merkez/Edirne,Thessaloniki menyerah kepada Yunani
Thessaloniki, GreecePertempuran Monastir
Bitola, North MacedoniaPertempuran Catalca Pertama
Çatalca, İstanbul, TürkiyePemberontakan Himara
Himara, AlbaniaAustria-Hongaria mengancam Perang
Vienna, AustriaPertempuran Kaliakra
Cape Kaliakra, Kavarna, BulgarYunani merebut Lesbos
Lesbos, GreeceYunani mengambil Chios
Chios, GreeceOttoman kehilangan Thrace Barat
Peplos, GreeceAlbania mendeklarasikan Kemerdekaan
AlbaniaGencatan Senjata, Kudeta, dan Perang dimulai kembali
London, UKAngkatan Laut Yunani mengalahkan Angkatan Laut Ottoman
Dardanelles Strait, TürkiyePenangkapan Korytsa
Korçë, AlbaniaDominasi Yunani di Laut Aegea
Lemnos, GreecePertempuran Bulair
Bolayir, Bolayır/Gelibolu/ÇanaSerangan Balik Ottoman
Gallipoli/Çanakkale, TürkiyePertempuran Bizani
Bizani, GreeceKejatuhan Adrianople
Edirne, Edirne Merkez/Edirne,Perang Balkan Pertama berakhir
London, UKAliansi Serbia-Yunani
GreeceArbitrase Rusia
RussiaRingkasan Perang Balkan Kedua
BalkansPertempuran Bregalnica
Bregalnica, North MacedoniaPertempuran Bregalnitsa adalah nama kolektif untuk pertempuran antara pasukan Serbia dan Bulgaria di sepanjang jalur tengah Vardar, bentangan Sungai Bregalnitsa, dan lereng Gunung Osogovo antara tanggal 30 Juni - 9 Juli 1913, yang berakhir dengan kemunduran. orang Bulgaria ke desa Tsarevo.
Pertempuran Kilkis–Lachanas
Kilkis, GreecePertempuran Knjaževac
Knjazevac, SerbiaRumania menginvasi Bulgaria
Dobrogea, MoldovaPengepungan Vidin
Vidin, BulgariaPertempuran Kalimanci
Kalimanci, North MacedoniaIntervensi Ottoman
Edirne, TürkiyePertempuran Ngarai Kresna
Kresna Gorge, BulgariaPerjanjian Bukares
Bucharest, RomaniaPerjanjian Konstantinopel
İstanbul, TürkiyeEpilog
BalkansCharacters
Footnotes
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- M.S. Anderson, The Eastern Question, 1774-1923: A Study in International Relations (1966)
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- Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους [History of the Hellenic Nation] (in Greek) (Vol. 14 ed.). Athens, Greece: Ekdotiki Athinon. 1974. ISBN 9789602131107
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- Kargakos 2012, pp. 79-81.
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- Apostolidis 1913, p. 266.
- Kargakos 2012, p. 81.
- Kargakos 2012, pp. 81-82.
- Иванов, Балканската война, стр. 43-44
- Иванов, Балканската война, стр. 60
- Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 151-152
- Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 153-156
- Войната между България и Турция, Т. V, стр. 157-163
- Oikonomou 1977, pp. 304-305.
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- Hellenic Army General Staff 1991, p. 31.
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- В. Мир, № 3684, 15. X. 1912.
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- Vŭchkov, Aleksandŭr. (2005). The Balkan War 1912-1913. Angela. ISBN 954-90587-4-3, pp. 99-103.
- Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Epirus, 4000 Years of Greek history and Civilization. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 9789602133712, p. 367.
- Paschalidou, Efpraxia S. (2014). "From the Mürzsteg Agreement to the Epirus Front, 1903-1913", p. 7.
- Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97888-5, p. 157.
- Erickson 2003, pp. 157–158.
- Kargakos 2012, p. 194.
- Kargakos 2012, p. 193.
- Erickson 2003, pp. 157–158.
- M. Türker Acaroğlu, Bulgaristan Türkleri Üzerine Araştırmalar, Cilt 1, Kültür Bakanlığı, 1999, p. 198.
- Petsalēs-Diomēdēs, N. (1919). Greece at the Paris Peace Conference
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- Joachim G. Joachim, Bibliopolis, 2000, Ioannis Metaxas: The Formative Years 1871-1922, p 131.
- The war between Bulgaria and Turkey 1912–1913, Volume V, Ministry of War 1930, p.1057
- Zafirov – Зафиров, Д., Александров, Е., История на Българите: Военна история, София, 2007, ISBN 954-528-752-7, Zafirov p. 444
- Erickson (2003), p. 281
- Turkish General Staff, Edirne Kalesi Etrafindaki Muharebeler, p286
- Зафиров, Д., Александров, Е., История на Българите: Военна история, София, 2007, Труд, ISBN 954-528-752-7, p.482
- Зафиров, Д., Александров, Е., История на Българите: Военна история, София, 2007, Труд, ISBN 954-528-752-7> Zafirov – p. 383
- The war between Bulgaria and Turkey 1912–1913, Volume V, Ministry of War 1930, p. 1053
- Seton-Watson, pp. 210–238
- Balkan crises, Texas.net, archived from the original on 7 November 2009.
- Hall (2000), p. 97.
- Crampton, Richard (1987). A short history of modern Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-521-27323-7.
- Hall (2000), p. 104.
- Hall (2000), p. 117.
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- Hristov, A. (1945). Historic overview of the war of Bulgaria against all Balkan countries in 1913, pp. 180–185.
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- Darvingov (1925), pp. 704, 707, 712–713, 715.
- Hellenic Army General Staff (1998), p. 254.
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- Bakalov, Georgi (2007). History of the Bulgarians: The Military History of the Bulgarians from Ancient Times until Present Day, p. 450.
- Hellenic Army General Staff (1998), p. 261.
- Price, W.H.Crawfurd (1914). The Balkan Cockpit, the Political and Military Story of the Balkan Wars in Macedonia. T.W. Laurie, p. 336.
- Hall (2000), p. 121-122.
- Bakalov, p. 452
- Hellenic Army General Staff (1998), p. 262.
- Hall (2000), pp. 123–24.
- "Turkey in the First World War – Balkan Wars". Turkeyswar.com.
- Grenville, John (2001). The major international treaties of the twentieth century. Taylor & Francis. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-415-14125-3.
- Hall (2000), p. 125-126.
- Önder, Selahattin (6 August 2018). "Balkan devletleriyle Türkiye arasındaki nüfus mübadeleleri(1912-1930)" (in Turkish): 27–29.
- Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 168-169.
- Hall (2000), p. 125.
- Carnegie report, The Serbian Army during the Second Balkan War, p.45
- Hall (2000), p. 119.
- Dennis, Brad (3 July 2019). "Armenians and the Cleansing of Muslims 1878–1915: Influences from the Balkans". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 39 (3): 411–431
- Taru Bahl; M.H. Syed (2003). "The Balkan Wars and creation of Independent Albania". Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World. New Delhi: Anmol publications PVT. Ltd. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-261-1419-1.
References
Bibliography
- Clark, Christopher (2013). "Balkan Entanglements". The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
- Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.
- Fotakis, Zisis (2005). Greek Naval Strategy and Policy, 1910–1919. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35014-3.
- Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.
- Helmreich, Ernst Christian (1938). The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674209008.
- Hooton, Edward R. (2014). Prelude to the First World War: The Balkan Wars 1912–1913. Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-78155-180-6.
- Langensiepen, Bernd; Güleryüz, Ahmet (1995). The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923. London: Conway Maritime Press/Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-85177-610-8.
- Mazower, Mark (2005). Salonica, City of Ghosts. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0375727388.
- Michail, Eugene. "The Balkan Wars in Western Historiography, 1912–2012." in Katrin Boeckh and Sabine Rutar, eds. The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2016) pp. 319–340. online[dead link]
- Murray, Nicholas (2013). The Rocky Road to the Great War: the Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914. Dulles, Virginia, Potomac Books ISBN 978-1-59797-553-7
- Pettifer, James. War in the Balkans: Conflict and Diplomacy Before World War I (IB Tauris, 2015).
- Ratković, Borislav (1975). Prvi balkanski rat 1912–1913: Operacije srpskih snaga [First Balkan War 1912–1913: Operations of Serbian Forces]. Istorijski institut JNA. Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski Institut.
- Schurman, Jacob Gould (2004). The Balkan Wars, 1912 to 1913. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger. ISBN 1-4191-5345-5.
- Seton-Watson, R. W. (2009) [1917]. The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-113-88264-6.
- Stavrianos, Leften Stavros (2000). The BALKANS since 1453. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9766-2. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
- Stojančević, Vladimir (1991). Prvi balkanski rat: okrugli sto povodom 75. godišnjice 1912–1987, 28. i 29. oktobar 1987. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788670251427.
- Trix, Frances. "Peace-mongering in 1913: the Carnegie International Commission of Inquiry and its Report on the Balkan Wars." First World War Studies 5.2 (2014): 147–162.
- Uyar, Mesut; Erickson, Edward (2009). A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International. ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0.
Further Reading
- Antić, Čedomir. Ralph Paget: a diplomat in Serbia (Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006) online free.
- Army History Directorate (Greece) (1998). A concise history of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Army History Directorate. ISBN 978-960-7897-07-7.
- Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. ISBN 9782825119587.
- Bobroff, Ronald. (2000) "Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912–13." Russian Review 59.1 (2000): 76–95 online[dead link]
- Boeckh, Katrin, and Sabine Rutar. eds. (2020) The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13 (2020)
- Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabina (2017). The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-44641-7.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
- Crampton, R. J. (1980). The hollow detente: Anglo-German relations in the Balkans, 1911–1914. G. Prior. ISBN 978-0-391-02159-4.
- Dakin, Douglas. (1962) "The diplomacy of the Great Powers and the Balkan States, 1908-1914." Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 327–374. online
- Farrar Jr, Lancelot L. (2003) "Aggression versus apathy: the limits of nationalism during the Balkan wars, 1912-1913." East European Quarterly 37.3 (2003): 257.
- Ginio, Eyal. The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and their Aftermath (Oxford UP, 2016) 377 pp. online review
- Hall, Richard C. ed. War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia (2014)
- Howard, Harry N. "The Balkan Wars in perspective: their significance for Turkey." Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 267–276 online.
- Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521274593.
- Király, Béla K.; Rothenberg, Gunther E. (1987). War and Society in East Central Europe: East Central European Society and the Balkan Wars. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-099-2.
- MacMillan, Margaret (2013). "The First Balkan Wars". The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-9470-4.
- Meyer, Alfred (1913). Der Balkankrieg, 1912-13: Unter Benutzung zuverlässiger Quellen kulturgeschichtlich und militärisch dargestellt. Vossische Buchhandlung.
- Rossos, Andrew (1981). Russia and the Balkans: inter-Balkan rivalries and Russian foreign policy, 1908–1914. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802055163.
- Rudić, Srđan; Milkić, Miljan (2013). Balkanski ratovi 1912–1913: Nova viđenja i tumačenja [The Balkan Wars 1912/1913: New Views and Interpretations]. Istorijski institut, Institut za strategijska istrazivanja. ISBN 978-86-7743-103-7.
- Schurman, Jacob Gould (1914). The Balkan Wars 1912–1913 (1st ed.). Princeton University.