Ibrahim Lincoln

1864

Zabe

haruffa

nassoshi


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1809 - 1865

Ibrahim Lincoln



Abraham Lincoln wani lauya ne, dan siyasa, kuma dan kasar Amurka wanda yayi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar Amurka na 16 daga 1861 har zuwa lokacin da aka kashe shi a 1865. Lincoln ya jagoranci kungiyar ta yakin basasar Amurka don kare al'ummar kasar a matsayin kungiyar tsarin mulki kuma ya yi nasarar kawar da shi. bauta, ƙarfafa gwamnatin tarayya, da kuma zamanantar da tattalin arzikin Amurka.An haifi Lincoln cikin talauci a cikin gidan katako a Kentucky kuma ya girma a kan iyaka, da farko a Indiana.Ya kasance mai ilimin kansa kuma ya zama lauya, shugaban jam'iyyar Whig, dan majalisar dokokin jihar Illinois, kuma dan majalisar dokokin Amurka daga Illinois.A cikin 1849, ya koma aikin shari'arsa mai nasara a tsakiyar Illinois.A cikin 1854, Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta fusata shi, wanda ya buɗe yankuna zuwa bauta, kuma ya sake shiga siyasa.Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama shugaban sabuwar jam'iyyar Republican.Ya kai ga masu sauraro na kasa a cikin muhawarar yakin neman zaben Majalisar Dattijai na 1858 akan Stephen A. Douglas.Lincoln ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a shekara ta 1860, inda ya mamaye Arewa don samun nasara.Masu goyon bayan bauta a Kudu na kallon zabensa a matsayin barazana ga bauta, kuma jihohin Kudu sun fara ballewa daga kasar.A wannan lokacin ne dai sabbin jihohin Amurka da aka kafa suka fara kwace sansanonin sojojin gwamnatin tarayya a kudancin kasar.Sama da wata guda bayan da Lincoln ya hau kujerar shugabancin kasar, Jihohin da suka hada da Confederate sun kai hari a Fort Sumter, wani sansanin Amurka a South Carolina.Bayan harin bam, Lincoln ya tattara sojoji don murkushe tawaye da maido da ƙungiyar.Lincoln, dan Republican mai matsakaicin ra'ayi, dole ne ya zagaya jerin gungun kungiyoyi tare da abokai da abokan hamayya daga jam'iyyun Democrat da Republican.Kawayensa, War Democrats da ‘yan Republican masu ra’ayin rikau, sun bukaci mummuna mugun nufi da ‘yan Confederates na Kudancin kasar.Anti-war Democrats (wanda ake kira "Copperheads") sun raina Lincoln, kuma abubuwan da ba za su iya sulhuntawa ba masu goyon bayan Confederate sun shirya kisa.Ya tafiyar da ƙungiyoyin ne ta hanyar amfani da ƙiyayyar juna, a tsanake yana rarraba goyon bayan siyasa, da kuma yin kira ga jama'ar Amurka.Adireshinsa na Gettysburg ya zo ana ganinsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan maganganu masu tasiri na manufar ƙasar Amurka.Lincoln ya sa ido sosai kan dabarun da dabarun yaƙin yaƙi, gami da zaɓen janar-janar, da aiwatar da shingen shingen jiragen ruwa na kasuwancin Kudu.Ya dakatar da habeas corpus a Maryland da sauran wurare, kuma ya kawar da tsoma bakin Biritaniya ta hanyar dakile Al'amarin Trent.A cikin 1863, ya ba da sanarwar Emancipation, wanda ya ayyana bayi a cikin jihohi "a cikin tawaye" don samun 'yanci.Har ila yau, ta umurci Sojoji da Navy da su "gane da kuma kula da 'yancin irin wadannan mutane" da kuma karbe su "a cikin aikin soja na Amurka."Lincoln ya kuma matsa wa jihohin kan iyaka da su haramta bautar, kuma ya inganta Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta Goma Sha Uku ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wanda bayan amincewa da shi ya soke bautar.Lincoln ya gudanar da nasa yakin neman zabe na nasara.Ya nemi ya warkar da al'ummar da ke fama da yaki ta hanyar sulhu.Ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865, kwanaki biyar bayan ƙarshen yakin a Appomattox, yana halartar wasan kwaikwayo a Ford's Theatre a Washington, DC, tare da matarsa, Maryamu, lokacin da mai goyon bayan Confederate John Wilkes Booth ya harbe shi.Ana tunawa Lincoln a matsayin shahidi kuma jarumi na kasa saboda jagorancin yakin da ya yi da kuma kokarinsa na kiyaye kungiyar da kuma kawar da bauta.Lincoln yana yawan matsayi a cikin shahararrun mashahuran zabe da na masana a matsayin shugaban kasa mafi girma a tarihin Amurka.
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Ziyarci Shago

1809 - 1831
Rayuwar Farko da Shekaru masu tasowaornament
Rayuwar farko
Gidan farko na Abraham Lincoln. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1809 Feb 12

Rayuwar farko

Abraham Lincoln Birthplace Nat
An haifi Abraham Lincoln a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1809, ɗa na biyu na Thomas Lincoln da Nancy Hanks Lincoln, a cikin gidan katako a gonar Sinking Spring kusa da Hodgenville, Kentucky.Ya kasance zuriyar Samuel Lincoln, Bature wanda ya yi ƙaura daga Hingham, Norfolk, zuwa sunansa, Hingham, Massachusetts, a 1638.
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Indiana shekaru
Matashi Abraham Lincoln ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1816 Dec 1 - 1830

Indiana shekaru

Perry County, Indiana, USA
Lincoln ya shafe shekaru 14 na girma, ko kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na rayuwarsa, daga shekaru 7 zuwa 21 a Indiana.A cikin Disamba 1816, Thomas da Nancy Lincoln, 'yarsu mai shekaru 9, Sarah, da Abraham mai shekaru 7 sun ƙaura zuwa Indiana.Sun zauna a ƙasa a cikin "dajin da ba a karye ba" a cikin Garin Guguwar, gundumar Perry, Indiana.Dukiyar Lincoln ta kwanta a kan ƙasar da aka ba wa gwamnatin Amurka a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniya da mutanen Piankeshaw da Delaware a cikin 1804. A cikin 1818 Babban Majalisar Indiana ya kirkiro gundumar Spencer, Indiana, daga sassan Warrick da Perry, waɗanda suka haɗa da gonar Lincoln. .An shirya ƙaura zuwa Indiana aƙalla watanni da yawa.Thomas ya ziyarci yankin Indiana a tsakiyar 1816 don zaɓar wani shafi kuma ya yi alamar da'awarsa, sannan ya koma Kentucky ya kawo iyalinsa zuwa Indiana wani lokaci tsakanin Nuwamba 11 da Disamba 20, 1816, a daidai lokacin da Indiana ta zama jiha.Duk da haka, Thomas Lincoln bai fara tsari na siyan kadada 160 na fili ba har sai Oktoba 15, 1817, lokacin da ya shigar da kara a ofishin filaye a Vincennes, Indiana, don kadarorin da aka bayyana a matsayin "kudu maso yamma kwata na Sashe na 32, Township 4 Kudu, Range 5 Yamma".Lincoln, wanda ya ƙware da gatari, ya taimaki mahaifinsa ya share ƙasarsu ta Indiana.Da yake tunawa da ƙuruciyarsa a Indiana, Lincoln ya bayyana cewa daga lokacin da ya zo a 1816, "ya kusan yin amfani da kayan aiki mafi amfani."Da zarar an share ƙasar, iyalin sun yi kiwon alade da masara a gonarsu, wanda ya kasance na mazauna Indiana a lokacin.Thomas Lincoln kuma ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin majalisa da kafinta.A cikin shekara guda da zuwan dangin a Indiana, Thomas ya yi ikirarin mallakar kadada 160 na filin Indiana kuma ya biya $80, kwata na jimlar farashin sa na $320.Lincolns da sauransu, waɗanda yawancinsu sun fito daga Kentucky, sun zauna a cikin abin da ya zama sanannen Little Pigeon Creek Community, kimanin mil ɗari daga gonar Lincoln a Knob Creek a Kentucky.A lokacin da Lincoln ya kai shekaru goma sha uku, iyalai tara masu yara arba'in da tara 'yan kasa da shekara sha bakwai suna zaune a tsakanin mil mil daga gidan Lincoln.
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Mutuwar Uwa
Nancy Lincoln, mahaifiyar Ibrahim Lincoln ta mutu da ciwon nono ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1818 Oct 5

Mutuwar Uwa

Indianapolis, IN, USA
Wani bala'i ya faru a cikin iyali a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1818, lokacin da Nancy Lincoln ta mutu saboda rashin lafiyar madara, rashin lafiyar da ta haifar da shan gurɓataccen madara daga shanu waɗanda ke ciyar da Ageratina altissima (fararen maciji).Ibrahim yana da shekara tara;'yar uwarsa, Saratu, tana shekara goma sha ɗaya.Bayan mutuwar Nancy, gidan ya ƙunshi Thomas, mai shekaru 40;Sarah, Abraham, da Dennis Friend Hanks, marayu ’yar shekara sha tara kawun Nancy Lincoln.
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Sally ta ƙarfafa Ibrahim Lincoln ya karanta
Lincoln yana yaro yana karatu da daddare ©Eastman Johnson
1819 Dec 2

Sally ta ƙarfafa Ibrahim Lincoln ya karanta

Perry County, Indiana, USA
Ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1819, mahaifin Lincoln ya auri Sarah "Sally" Bush Johnston, bazawara mai 'ya'ya uku daga Elizabethtown, Kentucky.Abe ’yar shekara goma ta yi sauri ta haɗu da sabuwar kakarsa, wadda ta rene ’ya’yan nata biyu a matsayin nata.Da yake kwatanta ta a cikin 1860, Lincoln ya ce ta kasance "uwa mai kyau da kirki" gare shi.Sally ta ƙarfafa sha'awar Lincoln don koyo da sha'awar karatu, kuma ta raba tarin littattafanta tare da shi.Iyali, maƙwabta da abokan makaranta na matashin Lincoln sun tuna cewa shi mai karatu ne mai ƙwazo.Lincoln ya karanta labaran Aesop, Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Ci gaban Mahajjata, Robinson Crusoe, da Parson Weems's The Life of Washington, da kuma jaridu, waƙoƙin waƙoƙi, littattafan waƙoƙi, lissafi da littattafan rubutu, da sauransu.Daga baya binciken ya haɗa da ayyukan Shakespeare, waƙa, da tarihin Birtaniya da Amurka.Ko da yake Lincoln yana da tsayi da ƙarfi da ba a saba gani ba, ya ɗauki lokaci mai yawa yana karantawa har wasu maƙwabta suka ɗauka cewa ya kasance malalaci ga duk "karantawa, rubutunsa, rubutu, tsarawa, rubuta waƙa, da sauransu."kuma dole ne ya yi shi don guje wa aikin hannu mai wahala.Mahaifiyarsa ta kuma yarda cewa ba ya jin daɗin "aikin jiki", amma yana son karatu."Ya (Lincoln) ya yi karatu sosai-ya kasance mai hankali sosai - kuma kadan motsa jiki - ya kasance mai wahala a cikin karatunsa," cewa shekarun baya, lokacin da Lincoln ya zauna a Illinois, Henry McHenry ya tuna, "cewa ya zama maras kyau kuma abokansa mafi kyau. yana tsoron kada ya haukace kansa."
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Tafiya ta farko zuwa New Orleans
Hoton Alfred Waud wanda ke nuna mutane suna tafiya a cikin kogi ta jirgin ruwa a ƙarshen 1800s. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1828 Apr 1

Tafiya ta farko zuwa New Orleans

New Orleans, LA, USA
Yiwuwar neman karkarwa daga bakin cikin mutuwar 'yar uwarsa, Lincoln mai shekaru 19 ya yi balaguron jirgin ruwa zuwa New Orleans a cikin bazara na 1828. Lincoln da Allen Gentry, ɗan James Gentry, mai wani kantin sayar da gida kusa da Gidan gidan Lincoln, sun fara tafiya tare da Kogin Ohio a Gentry's Landing, kusa da Rockport, Indiana.Yayin da suke kan hanyar zuwa Louisiana, wasu Ba’amurke Ba’amurke da dama ne suka far wa Lincoln da Gentry, wadanda suka yi yunkurin daukar kayansu, amma su biyun sun yi nasarar kare kwale-kwalen nasu tare da fatattakar maharan.Bayan isarsu New Orleans, sai suka sayar da kayansu, mallakin mahaifin Gentry, sannan suka leka garin.Tare da kasancewar bawa mai yawa da kasuwar bawa mai aiki, yana yiwuwa Lincoln ya shaida gwanjon bawa, kuma yana iya barinsa abin burgewa.(Majalisa ta haramta shigo da bayi a cikin 1808, amma cinikin bayi ya ci gaba da bunƙasa a cikin Amurka .) Nawa ne New Orleans Lincoln ya gani ko gogewa yana buɗe don hasashe.Ko da gaske ya ga gwanjon bawa a wancan lokacin, ko kuma a wani balaguron tafiya zuwa New Orleans, ziyararsa ta farko zuwa Deep South ta fallasa shi ga sabbin abubuwan da ya faru, gami da bambancin al'adu na New Orleans da kuma komawa Indiana a cikin jirgin ruwa.
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1831 - 1842
Farkon Sana'a da Aureornament
Lincoln ya zauna a New Salem
Abraham Lincoln ya yi fice a fagen kokawa. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1831 Jul 1

Lincoln ya zauna a New Salem

New Salem, Illinois, USA
A cikin Yuli 1831, kamar yadda Thomas da sauran iyali suka shirya don ƙaura zuwa sabon gida a Coles County, Illinois, Ibrahim ya buge kansa.Ya yi gidansa a New Salem, Illinois, tsawon shekaru shida, inda ya sami al'umma mai ban sha'awa, amma mai yiwuwa ba ta taɓa samun yawan jama'a da suka wuce mazauna ɗari ba.New Salem ƙaramin yanki ne na kasuwanci wanda ke hidima ga al'ummomin gida da yawa.Ƙauyen yana da injin katako, injin niƙa, kantin maƙera, kantin cooper, kantin sayar da ulu, mai yin hula, babban kantin sayar da kaya, da gidan abinci da aka shimfida sama da gine-gine fiye da goma sha biyu.Offutt bai bude kantin sayar da shi ba har sai Satumba, don haka Lincoln ya sami aikin wucin gadi a cikin wucin gadi kuma mutanen gari sun karbe shi da sauri a matsayin matashi mai himma da haɗin kai.Da zarar Lincoln ya fara aiki a cikin kantin sayar da, ya sadu da gungun mutane masu yawa da ma'aikata daga yankunan da ke kewaye, waɗanda suka zo New Salem don sayen kayayyaki ko samun masarar su.Ba'a na Lincoln, iyawar ba da labari, da ƙarfin jiki sun dace da matasa, abubuwan ban sha'awa waɗanda suka haɗa da abin da ake kira Clary's Grove boys, kuma matsayinsa a cikinsu ya kasance mai ƙarfi bayan wasan kokawa da zakaran gida, Jack Armstrong.Ko da yake Lincoln ya yi rashin nasara a fafatawar da Armstrong, ya sami girmamawa daga mutanen yankin.A lokacin hunturu na farko a New Salem, Lincoln ya halarci taron ƙungiyar muhawara ta New Salem.Ayyukan da ya yi a kulob din, tare da yadda ya dace wajen sarrafa kantin sayar da kaya, katako, da gristmill, ban da sauran kokarinsa na inganta kansa ba da daɗewa ba ya sami hankalin shugabannin garin, irin su Dr. John Allen, Mentor Graham, da dai sauransu. James Rutledge.Mutanen sun ƙarfafa Lincoln ya shiga siyasa, yana jin cewa yana da ikon tallafawa bukatun al'ummarsu.A cikin Maris 1832 Lincoln ya sanar da takararsa a cikin wata rubutacciyar labarin da ta fito a cikin Jarida ta Sangamo, wadda aka buga a Springfield.Yayin da Lincoln ya sha'awar Henry Clay da Tsarinsa na Amurka, yanayin siyasar kasa yana fuskantar canji kuma al'amuran Illinois na gida sune matsalolin siyasa na farko na zaben.Lincoln ya yi adawa da haɓaka aikin titin jirgin ƙasa na gida, amma yana goyan bayan haɓakawa a cikin kogin Sangamon wanda zai haɓaka kewayawa.Kodayake tsarin siyasa na jam'iyyu biyu da ke adawa da 'yan Democrat da Whigs bai riga ya kafa ba, Lincoln zai zama daya daga cikin manyan Whigs a majalisar dokokin jihar a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
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Captain Lincoln
Lincoln ya nuna yana kare ɗan Ba'amurke daga mutanensa a wani wurin da ya shafi hidimar lokacin yaƙin Lincoln ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1832 Apr 21 - 1829 Jul 10

Captain Lincoln

Illinois, USA
Abraham Lincoln ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sa kai a cikin Militia Militia Afrilu 21, 1832 - Yuli 10, 1832, lokacin Yaƙin Black Hawk.Lincoln bai taba ganin fada ba a lokacin yawon shakatawa amma an zabe shi kyaftin na kamfaninsa na farko.Har ila yau, ya kasance a sakamakon yakin biyu na yakin, inda ya taimaka wajen binne gawawwakin mayakan.An tattara shi a ciki kuma ba ya aiki a lokacin yaƙin, yana tafiya daga kyaftin zuwa na sirri kuma yana gama aikinsa a cikin wani kamfani na leƙen asiri mai zaman kansa wanda Kyaftin Yakubu Early ya umarta.Hidimar Lincoln tana da tasiri mai ɗorewa a gare shi, kuma ya ba da tatsuniyoyi game da shi daga baya a rayuwa tare da kunya da ɗan ban dariya.Ta hanyar hidimarsa ya sami damar kulla alakar siyasa ta rayuwa.Bugu da kari, ya samu tallafin fili daga gwamnatin Amurka don aikin soja a lokacin yakin.Ko da yake Lincoln ba shi da kwarewar soja lokacin da ya zama kwamandan kamfaninsa, ana siffanta shi a matsayin jagora mai iyawa da ƙware.
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Postmaster da Surveyor
Likitan gidan waya ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1833 May 1

Postmaster da Surveyor

New Salem, IL, USA
A cikin Mayu 1833, tare da taimakon abokai masu sha'awar ajiye shi a New Salem, Lincoln ya sami alƙawari daga Shugaba Andrew Jackson a matsayin ma'aikacin gidan waya na New Salem, matsayin da ya ajiye har tsawon shekaru uku.A wannan lokacin, Lincoln ya sami tsakanin $150 da $175 a matsayin mai kula da gidan waya, da wuya a yi la'akari da tushen samun kudin shiga na cikakken lokaci.Wani abokinsa ya taimaka wa Lincoln samun alƙawari a matsayin mataimaki ga mai binciken gundumar John Calhoun, ɗan takarar siyasa na Democrat.Lincoln ba shi da gogewa a binciken, amma ya dogara da kwafin aro na ayyuka biyu kuma ya iya koya wa kansa aikace aikace na dabarun binciken da kuma tushen trigonometric na tsari.Kudin shiga ya isa ya biya kuɗin yau da kullun, amma bayanan haɗin gwiwarsa da Berry suna zuwa.
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Majalisar Jihar Illinois
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1834 Jan 1 - 1842

Majalisar Jihar Illinois

Illinois State Capitol, Spring
A shekara ta 1834 Lincoln ya yanke shawarar tsayawa takarar majalisar dokokin jihar a karo na biyu yana da matukar tasiri ga bukatarsa ​​ta biyan basussukansa, abin da ya yi wasa da shi a matsayin "bashin kasa", da kuma karin kudin shiga da zai fito daga albashin majalisa.A wannan lokacin Lincoln ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar Whig.Dabarun yakin neman zabensa ya ware tattaunawa kan al'amuran kasa kuma ya mai da hankali kan yawo a cikin gundumar da kuma gaishe da masu jefa kuri'a.Babban dan takarar Whig na gundumar shi ne lauyan Springfield John Todd Stuart, wanda Lincoln ya sani daga aikin sojansa a lokacin yakin Black Hawk.'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat na cikin gida, wadanda ke tsoron Stuart fiye da Lincoln, sun yi tayin janye biyu daga cikin 'yan takarar su daga filin na goma sha uku, inda za a zabi manyan masu kada kuri'a hudu kawai, don goyon bayan Lincoln.Stuart, wanda yake da kwarin gwiwa na nasararsa, ya gaya wa Lincoln ya ci gaba da karɓar amincewar 'yan Democrat.A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta Lincoln ya samu kuri'u 1,376, wanda shi ne na biyu mafi yawan kuri'u a tseren, kuma ya lashe daya daga cikin kujeru hudu a zaben, kamar yadda Stuart ya yi.An sake zabar Lincoln zuwa majalisar dokoki a 1836, 1838, da 1840.Lokacin da Lincoln ya sanar da bukatarsa ​​na sake zaɓe a watan Yuni 1836, ya yi magana game da batun da ya haifar da rikici.'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun ba da shawarar a gudanar da zaben gama-gari ga fararen fata maza da ke zaune a jihar na tsawon watanni shida.Sun yi fatan kawo baƙi Irish, waɗanda ke sha'awar jihar saboda ayyukanta na magudanar ruwa, a cikin jerin zaɓe a matsayin 'yan Democrat.Lincoln ya goyi bayan matsayin Whig na gargajiya cewa yakamata a iyakance kada kuri'a ga masu mallakar kadarori.An sake zaben Lincoln a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1836, a matsayin babban mai samun kuri'a a cikin tawagar Sangamon.Wannan tawaga ta Sanatoci biyu da wakilai bakwai ana yi mata lakabi da "Dogon Tara" saboda dukkansu sun fi matsakaicin tsayi.Duk da kasancewarsa ɗan ƙarami na biyu na ƙungiyar, an kalli Lincoln a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar kuma shugaban ƙasa na tsirarun Whig.Babban ajanda na Dogon Nine shine mayar da babban birnin jihar daga Vandalia zuwa Springfield da kuma wani gagarumin shiri na inganta cikin gida ga jihar.Tasirin Lincoln a cikin majalisa da kuma cikin jam'iyyarsa ya ci gaba da girma tare da sake zabar sa na wa'adi biyu na gaba a cikin 1838 da 1840. A lokacin zaman majalisa na 1838-1839, Lincoln yayi aiki a akalla kwamitoci goma sha hudu kuma ya yi aiki a bayan fage don gudanar da shirin na shirin. Whig 'yan tsiraru.
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Lincoln karatun doka
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1835 Jan 1 - 1836 Sep 9

Lincoln karatun doka

Springfield, IL, USA
Stuart, dan uwan ​​matar Lincoln na gaba, Mary Todd, ya burge Lincoln kuma ya ƙarfafa shi ya yi nazarin doka.Wataƙila Lincoln ya saba da ɗakin shari'a tun yana ƙarami.Yayin da iyalin ke zaune a Kentucky, mahaifinsa ya kasance da hannu akai-akai tare da yin rajistar ayyukan ƙasa, yin hidima a kan juri, da halartar tallace-tallace na sheriff, kuma daga baya, Lincoln na iya sanin batutuwan shari'a na mahaifinsa.Lokacin da dangi suka ƙaura zuwa Indiana, Lincoln ya rayu tsakanin mil 15 (kilomita 24) na kotunan ƙaramar hukuma uku.An ja hankalin ta da damar sauraron kyakkyawar gabatarwa ta baka, Lincoln, kamar yadda wasu da yawa suka yi a kan iyaka, sun halarci zaman kotu a matsayin 'yan kallo.Al'adar ta ci gaba lokacin da ya koma New Salem.Da yake lura da sau nawa lauyoyi ke ambaton su, Lincoln ya ba da shawarar karantawa da nazarin Dokokin da aka sabunta na Indiana, Sanarwar 'Yanci, da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka.Yin amfani da littattafan da aka aro daga kamfanin lauyoyi na Stuart da alkali Thomas Drummond, Lincoln ya fara nazarin shari'a sosai a farkon rabin 1835. Lincoln bai halarci makarantar shari'a ba, kuma ya ce: "Ba na yi karatu tare da kowa ba." A matsayin wani ɓangare na horonsa. , ya karanta kofe na Sharhin Blackstone, Pleadings na Chitty, Shaidar Greenleaf, da Hukuncin Shari'a na Joseph Story's Equity.A cikin Fabrairu 1836 Lincoln ya daina aiki a matsayin mai binciken, kuma a cikin Maris 1836, ya ɗauki mataki na farko don zama lauya mai aiki lokacin da ya nemi magatakarda na Kotun Sangamon don yin rajista a matsayin mutum mai kyau da ɗabi'a.Bayan ya ci jarrabawar baka ta kwamitin kwararrun lauyoyi, Lincoln ya sami lasisin doka a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1836. A watan Afrilu 1837 ya shigar da shi don yin aiki a gaban Kotun Koli ta Illinois, kuma ya koma Springfield, inda ya shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da Stuart. .
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Aure da Yara
Auren da Maryamu Todd ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1842 Nov 4

Aure da Yara

Springfield, IL, USA
A 1839, Lincoln ya sadu da Mary Todd a Springfield, Illinois, kuma a shekara ta gaba suka shiga.Ita ce 'yar Robert Smith Todd, hamshakin lauya kuma ɗan kasuwa a Lexington, Kentucky.An soke bikin auren ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1841, a kan bukatar Lincoln, amma sun yi sulhu kuma suka yi aure a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1842, a cikin gidan Springfield na 'yar'uwar Maryamu.Yayin da yake cikin tashin hankali yana shirin bikin aure, sai aka tambaye shi inda zai dosa, sai ya amsa da cewa, "Zuwa jahannama, ina tsammani."A cikin 1844, ma'auratan sun sayi gida a Springfield kusa da ofishin lauya.Maryamu ta ajiye gida tare da taimakon bawa da 'yar'uwa.Lincoln miji ne mai ƙauna kuma uban 'ya'ya maza hudu, ko da yake aikinsa ya hana shi daga gida.Babban, Robert Todd Lincoln, an haife shi a shekara ta 1843 kuma shine kadai yaro da ya rayu har zuwa girma.Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddi), an haife shi a shekara ta 1846, ya mutu ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1850, mai yiwuwa na tarin fuka.An haifi dan Lincoln na uku, "Willie" Lincoln a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1850, kuma ya mutu sakamakon zazzabi a fadar White House ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1862. An haifi ƙaramin Thomas "Tad" Lincoln a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1853, kuma ya tsira. mahaifinsa amma ya mutu saboda raunin zuciya yana da shekaru 18 a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1871. Lincoln "ya kasance mai tsananin sha'awar yara" kuma Lincolns ba a la'akari da su zama masu tsauri da nasu.A gaskiya ma, abokin aikin Lincoln William H. Herndon zai yi fushi lokacin da Lincoln ya kawo 'ya'yansa ofishin lauya.Mahaifinsu, da alama sau da yawa ya shagaltu da aikinsa don ya lura da halin yaran nasa.Herndon ya ba da labarin cewa, "Na ji sau da yawa da yawa cewa ina son murƙushe ƴan wuyansu, amma duk da haka saboda girmama Lincoln na rufe bakina. Lincoln bai lura da abin da 'ya'yansa suke yi ba ko kuma suka yi."Mutuwar 'ya'yansu, Eddie da Willie, sun yi tasiri sosai ga iyayen biyu.Lincoln ya sha wahala daga "rashin lafiya", yanayin da ake tunanin yanzu ya zama bakin ciki na asibiti.
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1843 - 1851
Lauya kuma dan majalisaornament
Lauyan Prairie
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1843 Jan 1 00:01 - 1859

Lauyan Prairie

Springfield, IL, USA
A cikin aikin sa na Springfield, Lincoln ya kula da "kowane nau'in kasuwancin da zai iya zuwa gaban lauyan prairie".Sau biyu a shekara yana bayyana tsawon makonni 10 a jere a kujerun kananan hukumomi a kotunan karamar hukumar Midstate;wannan ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 16.Lincoln ya kula da lamuran sufuri a tsakiyar faɗaɗa yammacin ƙasar, musamman rikice-rikicen raƙuman ruwa a ƙarƙashin sabbin gadoji da yawa.A matsayinsa na ɗan kwale-kwale, Lincoln ya fara fifita waɗannan buƙatun, amma a ƙarshe ya wakilci duk wanda ya ɗauke shi aiki.Daga baya ya wakilci wani kamfanin gada a kan wani kamfanin jirgin ruwa na Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Company, wani lamari mai ban mamaki da ya shafi wani jirgin ruwa wanda ya nutse bayan ya bugi gada.Lincoln ya bayyana a gaban Kotun Koli ta Illinois a cikin shari'o'i 175;Shi kadai ne mai ba da shawara a shari'o'i 51, wanda 31 daga cikinsu aka yanke shawarar a kan goyon bayansa.Daga 1853 zuwa 1860, ɗaya daga cikin manyan abokan cinikinsa shine titin jirgin ƙasa ta Illinois.Sunansa na shari'a ya haifar da laƙabi "Mai gaskiya Abe".Lincoln yayi jayayya a cikin shari'ar laifuka na 1858, yana kare William "Duff" Armstrong, wanda ke fuskantar shari'a don kisan James Preston Metzker.Shari'ar ta shahara da amfani da Lincoln na wata hujjar da aka kafa ta hanyar sanarwar shari'a don kalubalantar amincin mai shaida.Bayan wani shaida mai adawa ya ba da shaidar ganin laifin a cikin hasken wata, Lincoln ya samar da Almanac na Manoma wanda ke nuna wata yana kan ƙananan kusurwa, yana rage gani sosai.An wanke Armstrong daga laifi.Yayin da yake jagorantar yakin neman zabensa na shugaban kasa, Lincoln ya daukaka martabarsa a cikin shari'ar kisan kai a 1859, tare da kare Simeon Quinn "Peachy" Harrison wanda dan uwa ne na uku; Harrison kuma jikan abokin hamayyar siyasa na Lincoln, Rev. Peter Cartwright.An tuhumi Harrison da kisan gilla Crafton wanda, yayin da yake kwance yana mutuwa sakamakon raunukan da ya samu, ya shaida wa Cartwright cewa ya tsokani Harrison.Lincoln ya fusata ya nuna rashin amincewa da matakin farko na alkali na cire shaidar Cartwright game da ikirari a matsayin jita-jita da ba za a yarda da ita ba.Lincoln yayi jayayya cewa shaidar ta ƙunshi sanarwar mutuwa kuma ba ta ƙarƙashin dokar ji.Maimakon ya rike Lincoln cikin raina kotu kamar yadda ake tsammani, alkali, dan Democrat, ya sauya hukuncinsa kuma ya shigar da shaida a cikin shaida, wanda ya haifar da wanke Harrison.
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AmurkaMajalisar wakilai
Lincoln a ƙarshen shekarunsa na 30 a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka.Hoton daya daga cikin daliban makarantar Lincoln a kusa da 1846. ©Nicholas H. Shepherd
1847 Jan 1 - 1849

AmurkaMajalisar wakilai

Illinois, USA
A cikin 1843, Lincoln ya nemi nadin Whig don kujerar gundumar Illinois ta 7 a Majalisar Wakilan Amurka;John J. Hardin ya kayar da shi duk da cewa ya yi nasara da jam'iyyar wajen takaita Hardin zuwa wa'adi daya.Lincoln ba wai kawai ya janye dabarunsa na samun nadin ba a 1846 amma kuma ya ci zabe.Shi ne kawai Whig a cikin tawagar Illinois, amma a matsayin mai aiki kamar yadda kowa ya shiga cikin kusan dukkanin kuri'un kuma ya yi jawabai da suka shafi layin jam'iyyar.An sanya shi ga Kwamitin Wasika da Titunan Wasika da Kwamitin Kashe Kuɗi a Sashen Yaƙi.Lincoln ya ha]a hannu da Joshua R. Giddings a kan lissafin soke bautar da ake yi a Gundumar Columbia tare da biyan diyya ga masu su, tilasta wa bayin da suka tsere, da kuma kuri'a mai farin jini a kan lamarin.Ya yi watsi da lissafin lokacin da ya guje wa goyon bayan Whig.
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Yaƙin neman zaɓe don Zachary Taylor
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1848 Jan 1

Yaƙin neman zaɓe don Zachary Taylor

Washington D.C., DC, USA
A cikin zaben shugaban kasa na 1848, Lincoln ya goyi bayan jarumi Zachary Taylor don zaben Whig da kuma shugaban kasa a babban zaben.A cikin watsi da Clay, Lincoln yayi jayayya cewa Taylor shine kawai Whig wanda za'a iya zaba.Lincoln ya halarci taron kasa na Whig a Philadelphia a matsayin wakilin Taylor.Bayan nasarar da Taylor ya samu, Lincoln ya bukaci Taylor da ya gudanar da yakin neman zabe yana mai da hankali kan halayensa, yayin da ya bar al'amurran da suka shafi rikici don warware su ta Majalisa.Yayin da Majalisa ke zama Lincoln yayi magana game da goyon bayan Taylor a gidan bene, kuma lokacin da aka dakatar da shi a watan Agusta, ya kasance a Washington don taimakawa Kwamitin Zartarwa na Whig a cikin yakin.A watan Satumba Lincoln yayi jawabai na yakin neman zabe a Boston da sauran wurare na New England.Tunawa da zaben na 1844, Lincoln yayi magana game da masu jefa kuri'a na Free Soil ta hanyar cewa Whigs sun yi tsayayya da bautar kuma kawai batun shine yadda za su iya yin zabe sosai a kan fadada bautar.Lincoln yayi jayayya cewa kuri'ar dan takarar Free Soil, tsohon shugaban kasa Martin Van Buren, zai raba kuri'ar yaki da bautar kuma ya ba da zaben ga dan takarar Democrat, Lewis Cass.Tare da nasarar Taylor, gwamnatin mai shigowa, watakila tunawa da sukar Lincoln na Taylor a lokacin yakin Mexican-Amurka , ya ba Lincoln kawai gwamnan jihar Oregon mai nisa.Yarda da shi zai kawo ƙarshen aikinsa a cikin jihar Illinois mai saurin girma, don haka ya ƙi, kuma ya koma Springfield, Illinois, inda ya juya yawancin kuzarinsa zuwa aikin shari'arsa.
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1854 - 1860
Komawa Siyasa Da Hanyar Shugabancin Kasaornament
Komawa Siyasa
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1854 Oct 1

Komawa Siyasa

Illinois, USA
Muhawarar da ake yi kan matsayin bautar da ake yi a yankunan, ta kasa shawo kan tashe-tashen hankula a tsakanin Kudu masu rike da bayi da kuma ‘yan Arewa masu ‘yanci, tare da gazawar ‘Compromise’ na 1850, wani kunshin ‘yan majalisa da aka tsara don magance matsalar.A cikin yabonsa na 1852 don Clay, Lincoln ya nuna goyon bayan na ƙarshe don 'yantar da hankali da kuma adawa da "dukkan matsananciyar" kan batun bautar.Yayin da muhawarar bautar da ake yi a yankunan Nebraska da Kansas suka zama abin ban tsoro, Sanatan Illinois Stephen A. Douglas ya ba da shawarar samun ikon mallaka a matsayin sulhu;matakin zai bai wa zababbun kowane yanki damar yanke shawarar matsayin bauta.Dokar ta tsoratar da yawancin 'yan Arewa, waɗanda suka nemi hana yaduwar bautar da zai iya haifar da su, amma Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta Douglas ta wuce Majalisa a watan Mayu 1854.Lincoln bai yi tsokaci kan wannan aiki ba sai bayan watanni a cikin "Maganar Peoria" na Oktoba 1854. Lincoln ya bayyana adawarsa da bautar, wanda ya maimaita kan hanyarsa ta zuwa fadar shugaban kasa.Ya ce dokar Kansas tana da "bacin rai da aka ayyana, amma kamar yadda na yi tunani, kishi na gaske don yaduwar bautar. Ba zan iya ba sai kin shi. Na ƙi shi saboda rashin adalci na bautar da kanta. Na ƙi shi saboda shi. ya hana mu jumhuriya misali na kawai tasiri a cikin duniya...." hare-haren Lincoln a kan Kansas-Nebraska Dokar ya nuna ya koma rayuwar siyasa.
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Lincoln-Douglas muhawara
Zanen Lincoln Douglas Debates.Stephen Douglas ya kasance 5'2 '' kuma Kirista wanda ya yi tunanin cewa bayin Afirka sun kasance ƙananan matakin ɗan adam. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1858 Aug 1 - Oct

Lincoln-Douglas muhawara

Illinois, USA
Muhawarar Lincoln-Douglas jerin muhawara ce guda bakwai tsakanin Abraham Lincoln, dan takarar jam'iyyar Republican a majalisar dattijan Amurka daga Illinois, da Sanata mai ci Stephen Douglas, dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat.Muhawarar ta mayar da hankali ne kan bauta, musamman ko za a ba da izini a cikin sabbin jihohin da za a kafa daga yankin da aka samu ta hanyar Siyan Louisiana da Cession na Mexico.Douglas, a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat, ya ce ya kamata mazauna sabbin jihohin su yanke shawarar maimakon gwamnatin tarayya (mai martaba mai farin jini).Lincoln ya yi jayayya da faɗaɗa bautar, duk da haka ya jaddada cewa ba ya bayar da shawarar soke ta inda ya riga ya wanzu.Babban taron Illinois ya sake zaɓe Douglas, 54–46.Amma tallace-tallace ya sa Lincoln ya zama dan kasa kuma ya kafa tushen yakin neman zabensa na 1860.A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan ƙoƙarin, Lincoln ya gyara matani na duk muhawarar kuma ya sa aka buga su a cikin littafi.Ya sayar da kyau kuma ya taimaka masa ya karbi takarar jam'iyyar Republican a matsayin shugaban kasa a taron Jam'iyyar Republican na 1860 a Chicago.
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Jawabin kungiyar Cooper
Hoton Abraham Lincoln da aka ɗauka a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1860 a birnin New York na Mathew Brady, ranar da shahararren jawabinsa na Cooper Union ya yi. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1860 Feb 27

Jawabin kungiyar Cooper

Cooper Union for the Advanceme
Magana ko adireshin Cooper Union, wanda aka sani a lokacin a matsayin jawabin Cibiyar Cooper, Abraham Lincoln ya gabatar da shi a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1860, a Cooper Union, a birnin New York.Har yanzu Lincoln bai kasance dan takarar shugaban kasa na Republican ba, kamar yadda aka shirya babban taron a watan Mayu.An dauke shi daya daga cikin muhimman jawabansa.Wasu masana tarihi sun ce jawabin na da alhakin nasarar da ya samu a zaben shugaban kasar da aka yi a karshen shekarar.A cikin jawabin, Lincoln ya yi karin haske kan ra'ayinsa game da bautar ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa ba ya fatan a fadada shi zuwa yankunan yammacin duniya kuma yana da'awar cewa Ubannin Kafa za su amince da wannan matsayi.Dan jarida Robert J. McNamara ya rubuta, "Maganar Cooper Union na Lincoln ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi tsayinsa, a fiye da kalmomi 7,000. Kuma ba ɗaya daga cikin maganganunsa tare da sassan da aka ambata sau da yawa ba. Duk da haka, saboda bincike mai zurfi da kuma Lincoln mai karfi. hujja, ya yi tasiri mai ban mamaki."
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Shugaba Lincoln
Taron farko na Lincoln a Capitol na Amurka, Maris 4, 1861. Har yanzu ana kan ginin Capitol dome sama da rotunda. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1860 Nov 6

Shugaba Lincoln

Washington D.C., DC, USA
Ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1860, an zabi Lincoln a matsayin shugaban kasa na 16.Shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar Republican na farko kuma nasarar da ya samu ta samu ne saboda goyon bayan da ya samu a Arewa da Yamma.Ba a jefa masa kuri'a ba a cikin 10 daga cikin 15 na Kudancin Kudancin, kuma ya lashe kananan hukumomi biyu ne kawai cikin 996 a duk jihohin Kudu, alamar yakin basasa da ke gabatowa.Lincoln ya samu kuri'u 1,866,452, wato kashi 39.8% na jimillar kuri'u a tseren hanyoyi hudu, dauke da jihohin Arewa masu 'yanci, da California da Oregon.Nasarar da ya yi a Kwalejin Zabe ta kasance mai mahimmanci: Lincoln yana da kuri'u 180 zuwa 123 ga abokan hamayyarsa.Yayin da Douglas da sauran 'yan takarar suka yi yakin neman zabe, Lincoln bai yi jawabai ba, ya dogara da sha'awar jam'iyyar Republican.Jam’iyyar ta yi aikin kafa wanda ya samar da masu rinjaye a fadin Arewa kuma ta samar da dimbin fastocin yakin neman zabe, takardu, da editocin jaridu.Masu magana da yawun jam'iyyar Republican sun mayar da hankali da farko kan dandalin jam'iyya, na biyu kuma kan tarihin rayuwar Lincoln, inda suka jaddada talaucinsa na yara.Manufar ita ce ta nuna ikon "aiki na kyauta", wanda ya ba da damar yaron gona na yau da kullum ya yi aiki a kan hanyarsa zuwa saman ta kokarinsa.Samar da wallafe-wallafen yakin neman zabe na Jam’iyyar Republican ya dakushe hadaddiyar adawa;wani marubucin Chicago Tribune ya samar da ƙasidar da ta yi cikakken bayanin rayuwar Lincoln kuma ya sayar da kwafi 100,000–200,000.Ko da yake bai fito fili ba, mutane da yawa sun nemi su ziyarce shi su rubuta shi.A cikin shirin zaɓe, ya ɗauki ofis a babban birnin jihar Illinois don magance kwararar hankali.
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1861 - 1865
Fadar Shugaban Kasa da Yakin Basasaornament
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1861 Apr 12 - 1865 May 26

Yakin basasar Amurka

United States
Bayan Lincoln ya ci nasara, yawancin shugabannin Kudancin sun ji cewa rashin haɗin kai shine kawai zaɓin su, suna tsoron cewa asarar wakilci zai hana su ikon kafa dokoki da manufofin bautar.A cikin jawabinsa na farko na biyu, Lincoln ya ce "bayi sun kasance abin sha'awa na musamman kuma mai karfi. Duk sun san cewa wannan sha'awar ita ce, ko ta yaya, dalilin yakin. Kasashe bakwai na kudanci na farko sun mayar da martani ga nasarar Lincoln ta hanyar ballewa daga Amurka kuma sun yi nasara. , a watan Fabrairun 1861, ta kafa Confederacy, Ƙungiyar Confederacy ta kwace sansanin Amurka da sauran kadarorin gwamnatin tarayya da ke kan iyakokinsu. A karkashin jagorancin shugaban Confederate Jefferson Davis, Confederacy ta tabbatar da iko da kusan kashi uku na al'ummar Amurka a cikin goma sha ɗaya daga cikin jihohi 34 na Amurka a lokacin. Ya kasance shekaru hudu ana gwabza kazamin fada, akasari a Kudu.An gwabza yakin basasa na Amurka tsakanin Ƙungiyar ("Arewa") da Ƙungiya ("Kudu"), na ƙarshe da jihohin da suka balle suka kafa.Babban abin da ya haddasa yakin shi ne takaddamar kan ko za a bar bautar da za a iya fadada zuwa yankunan yammacin duniya, wanda zai kai ga karin kasashen bayi, ko kuma a hana su yin hakan, wanda aka yi imanin zai sanya bautar a kan hanyar da za ta kare.
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1863 Jan 1

Shelar 'Yanci

Washington D.C., DC, USA
Ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1862, Lincoln ya ba da sanarwar Emancipation na farko, wanda ya sanar da cewa, a cikin jihohin da ke cikin tawaye a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1863, za a 'yantar da bayi.Ya kiyaye maganarsa kuma, a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1863, ya ba da sanarwar 'yantar da bayi, a cikin jihohi 10 da ba a karkashin ikon kungiyar ba, tare da keɓancewa ga yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin irin wannan iko.Maganar Lincoln game da sanya hannu kan Sanarwar ita ce: "A rayuwata, ban taba jin cewa ina yin daidai ba, fiye da yadda nake sanya hannu kan wannan takarda."Ya shafe kwanaki 100 masu zuwa yana shirya sojoji da al'ummar kasar domin samun 'yanci, yayin da 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat suka tara masu kada kuri'unsu tare da gargadin barazanar 'yantar da bayi da ke yiwa turawan arewa.Tare da kawar da bauta a cikin jihohin 'yan tawaye a yanzu makasudin soji ne, sojojin Tarayyar da ke gaba da kudanci sun 'yantar da bayi miliyan uku a cikin Confederacy.Sanarwar 'Yancin da ta bayyana cewa za a "karɓi 'yantar da su shiga aikin sojan Amurka," shigar da waɗannan ƴancin ya zama manufofin hukuma.A cikin bazara na 1863, Lincoln ya shirya don ɗaukar sojojin baƙar fata a fiye da lambobi.A cikin wata wasika da ya aike wa gwamnan jihar Tennessee Andrew Johnson yana karfafa masa gwiwar jagorantar samar da sojojin bakar fata, Lincoln ya rubuta cewa, "Batun ganin sojoji 50,000 dauke da makamai da kuma dirar mikiya a gabar tekun Mississippi zai kawo karshen tawayen nan da nan".A karshen 1863, a jagorancin Lincoln, Janar Lorenzo Thomas ya dauki nauyin 20 na baƙar fata daga kwarin Mississippi.
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1863 Nov 19

Adireshin Gettysburg

Gettysburg, PA, USA
Lincoln ya yi magana a lokacin sadaukar da makabartar fagen fama na Gettysburg a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1863. A cikin kalmomi 272, da mintuna uku, Lincoln ya tabbatar da cewa an haifi al'ummar ba a cikin 1789 ba, amma a cikin 1776, "an yi ciki a cikin 'Yanci, kuma an sadaukar da shi ga shawarar cewa dukkan mutane an halitta su daidai ne”.Ya ayyana yakin a matsayin sadaukarwa ga ka'idojin 'yanci da daidaito ga kowa.Ya bayyana cewa, mutuwar da yawa daga cikin jajirtattun sojoji ba zai zama a banza ba, bautar za ta kare, kuma za a tabbatar da makomar dimokuradiyya, cewa “gwamnatin jama’a, ta jama’a, ta jama’a, ba za ta halaka daga cikin al’umma ba. duniya".Da yake karyata hasashensa na cewa "duniya ba za ta dade ba, kuma ba za ta dade da tunawa da abin da muke fada a nan ba", Adireshin ya zama jawabin da aka fi nakalto a tarihin Amurka.
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Zabe
Adireshin farko na Lincoln na biyu a ginin Capitol da aka kusan kammala, Maris 4, 1865. ©Alexander Gardner
1864 Nov 8

Zabe

Washington D.C., DC, USA
Lincoln ya sake tsayawa takara a shekara ta 1864, yayin da ya hada manyan bangarorin Republican, tare da War Democrats Edwin M. Stanton da Andrew Johnson.Lincoln ya yi amfani da tattaunawa da ikon ikonsa - wanda aka fadada sosai daga lokacin zaman lafiya - don gina goyon baya da kuma kawar da kokarin da Radicals ke yi don maye gurbinsa.A babban taronta, 'yan Republican sun zaɓi Johnson a matsayin abokin takararsa.Don fadada haɗin gwiwarsa ya haɗa da War Democrats da kuma 'yan Republican, Lincoln ya yi gudu a ƙarƙashin lakabin sabuwar Jam'iyyar Union.Dandalin Dimokuradiyya ya bi "reshen zaman lafiya" na jam'iyyar kuma ya kira yakin " gazawa";amma dan takararsu, McClellan, ya goyi bayan yakin kuma ya ki amincewa da dandalin.A halin yanzu, Lincoln ya ƙarfafa Grant tare da ƙarin sojoji da goyon bayan jam'iyyar Republican.Kama Sherman na Atlanta a watan Satumba da kuma kama David Farragut na Mobile ya kawo karshen cin nasara.Jam'iyyar Democrat ta rabu sosai, tare da wasu shugabanni da yawancin sojoji a fili ga Lincoln.Jam'iyyar National Union Party ta sami haɗin kai ta hanyar goyon bayan Lincoln don 'yanci.Jam'iyyun Republican na jihar sun jaddada rashin amincewar Copperheads.Ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, Lincoln ya dauki dukkanin jihohi uku, ciki har da kashi 78 cikin dari na sojojin Tarayyar.
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1865 Apr 14

Kisan Ibrahim Lincoln

Ford's Theatre, 10th Street No
John Wilkes Booth sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma ɗan leƙen asiri na Confederate daga Maryland;ko da yake bai taba shiga cikin sojojin Confederate ba, yana da alaƙa da sabis na sirri na Confederate.Bayan halartar wani jawabi na Afrilu 11, 1865 wanda Lincoln ya inganta 'yancin zaɓe ga baƙar fata, Booth ya kulla makirci don kashe shugaban.Lokacin da Booth ya koyi niyyar Lincolns don halartar wasa tare da Janar Grant, ya shirya kashe Lincoln da Grant a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ford.Lincoln da matarsa ​​sun halarci wasan kwaikwayo na Ɗan uwanmu Ba’amurke a yammacin ranar 14 ga Afrilu, kwanaki biyar kacal bayan nasarar ƙungiyar a yakin Appomattox Courthouse.A minti na ƙarshe, Grant ya yanke shawarar zuwa New Jersey don ziyartar 'ya'yansa maimakon halartar wasan.Ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865, sa'o'i kafin a kashe shi, Lincoln ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ta kafa Sabis na Sirrin Amurka, kuma, da karfe 10:15 na yamma, Booth ya shiga bayan akwatin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lincoln, ya tashi daga baya, ya harbe shi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. baya kan Lincoln, yana raunata shi da mutuwa.Bakon Lincoln, Manjo Henry Rathbone, ya yi taho-mu-gama da Booth, amma Booth ya caka masa wuka ya tsere.Bayan halartar Dokta Charles Leale da wasu likitoci biyu, Lincoln an kai shi kan titi zuwa gidan Petersen.Bayan ya kasance a cikin suma na tsawon sa'o'i takwas, Lincoln ya mutu da karfe 7:22 na safe ranar 15 ga Afrilu.tanton ya yi gaisuwa ya ce, "Yanzu ya zama na zamani." An sanya gawar incoln a cikin akwatin gawa da aka nannade, wanda aka loda. cikin wata babbar mota da sojojin kungiyar suka yi masa rakiya zuwa fadar White House.An rantsar da Shugaba Johnson daga baya a wannan rana.Makonni biyu bayan haka, Booth, ya ki mika wuya, aka bi sawun sa zuwa wata gona a Virginia, kuma Sajan Boston Corbett ya harbe shi har lahira kuma ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu. Sakataren Yakin Stanton ya ba da umarnin a dauki Booth da rai, don haka da farko aka kama Corbett. a gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu.Bayan gajeriyar hira, Stanton ya ayyana shi a matsayin dan kishin kasa kuma ya yi watsi da tuhumar.
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Jana'iza da Jana'iza
Sojojin da ke tafiya a hanyar Pennsylvania a Washington DC yayin jana'izar Abraham Lincoln a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1865 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1865 May 4

Jana'iza da Jana'iza

Oak Ridge Cemetery, Monument A
Bayan da aka kashe Abraham Lincoln a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865, an gudanar da jerin abubuwa na tsawon makonni uku don juyayin mutuwar da tunawa da rayuwar shugaban Amurka na 16.An fara gudanar da jana'izar jana'izar, jerin gwano, da kuma kwance a jihar a birnin Washington, DC, sannan jirgin jana'izar ya kwashe gawar Lincoln mai nisan mil 1,654 ta cikin jihohi bakwai don binne shi a Springfield, Illinois.Bai wuce 20 mph ba, jirgin ya yi tasha da yawa a manyan biranen jihohi da manyan biranen jahohi don yin jerin gwano, bayyani, da ƙarin karya a cikin jihar.Miliyoyin Amurkawa sun kalli jirgin a kan hanyar kuma sun shiga cikin bukukuwan da suka shafi.Jirgin ya bar Washington, ranar 21 ga Afrilu da karfe 12:30 na dare.Ya haifi babban ɗan Lincoln Robert Todd da ragowar ɗan ƙaramin Lincoln, William Wallace Lincoln (1850-1862), amma ba matar Lincoln Mary Todd Lincoln ba, wanda ya cika da damuwa don yin tafiya.Jirgin ya koma kan hanyar da Lincoln ya bi zuwa Washington a matsayin zababben shugaban kasa a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa bikin rantsar da shi na farko, fiye da shekaru hudu a baya.Jirgin ya isa Springfield a ranar 3 ga Mayu. An kama Lincoln a ranar 4 ga Mayu, a makabartar Oak Ridge a Springfield.Duk garin da jirgin kasan ya wuce ko ya tsaya a kodayaushe akwai taron jama'a don nuna girmamawa ga daya daga cikin manyan mutane a tarihi.
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1866 Jan 1

Epilogue

United States
An yi wa Ibrahim Lincoln kallon daya daga cikin manyan shugabanni a tarihin Amurka.Shekaru aru-aru ana tunawa da abin da ya bari, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin masu fada a ji a cikin al'umma.Tasirinsa mai dorewa a kan al'umma ya kasance ne saboda jajircewarsa da jajircewarsa kan akidar 'yanci, dimokuradiyya, da daidaito ga kowa.Ana tunawa da shi game da shelar 'yantar da jama'a da kuma gyara na goma sha uku, dukansu sun kawar da bauta a Amurka.Bugu da kari, ana yaba masa ne saboda kiyaye kungiyar a lokacin yakin basasa da kuma jajircewarsa ga kungiyar.Har ila yau, ana tunawa da shi saboda sanannen Adireshinsa na Gettysburg, wanda ya kasance kira ga sabuwar haihuwar 'yanci da daidaito ga dukan Amurkawa.Waɗannan nasarorin sun ƙarfafa gadon Lincoln a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga dimokiradiyya da daidaito.Abin da ya gada shi ne jajircewa, jajircewa, da jajircewa wajen fuskantar bala’i mai girma.Shi alama ce ta bege da juriya da ke ci gaba da ƙarfafa tsararraki a yau.
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Characters



John Wilkes Booth

John Wilkes Booth

American Stage Actor

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant

Union Army General

Stephen A. Douglas

Stephen A. Douglas

United States Senator

Mary Todd Lincoln

Mary Todd Lincoln

First Lady of the United States

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