The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Greece" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Greece</a>, Serbia, <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Montenegro" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Montenegro</a> and <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Bulgaria" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bulgaria</a> declared war upon the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-the-Ottoman-Empire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ottoman Empire</a> and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of its European provinces, leaving only Eastern Thrace under the Ottoman Empire's control. In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought against the other four original combatants of the first war. It also faced an attack from <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Romania" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Romania</a> from the north. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Although not involved as a combatant, Austria-Hungary became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples.[1] The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/World-War-I" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">First World War</a>".[2] By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule. In 1912, these countries formed the Balkan League. The First Balkan War began on 8 October 1912, when the League member states attacked the Ottoman Empire, and ended eight months later with the signing of the Treaty of London on 30 May 1913. The Second Balkan War began on 16 June 1913, when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its loss of Macedonia, attacked its former Balkan League allies. The combined forces of Serbian and Greek armies, with their superior numbers repelled the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked Bulgaria by invading it from the west and the south. Romania, having taken no part in the conflict, had intact armies to strike with and invaded Bulgaria from the north in violation of a peace treaty between the two states. The Ottoman Empire also attacked Bulgaria and advanced in Thrace regaining Adrianople. In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria managed to regain most of the territories it had gained in the First Balkan War. However, it was forced to cede the ex-Ottoman south part of Dobruja province to Romania.[3]

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バルカン戦争 タイムライン

バルカン戦争 タイムライン

戦争への序曲

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大国の視点

バルカン戦争前の条約

1912 年のアルバニアの反乱

バルカンリーグ

オスマン帝国の情勢

第一次バルカン戦争

第一次バルカン戦争が始まる

クルジャリの戦い

カーク・キリッセの戦い

ペンテ・ピガディアの戦い

サランタポロの戦い

クマノヴォの戦い

スクタリの包囲戦

ルレ・ブルガスの戦い

ソロヴィッチの戦い

イェニジェの戦い

プリレプの戦い

アドリアーノープル包囲戦

テッサロニキがギリシャに降伏

モナスティールの戦い

第一次カタルカの戦い

ヒマラの反乱

オーストリア＝ハンガリーが戦争を脅かす

カリアクラの戦い

ギリシャがレスボス島を占領

ギリシャがヒオス島を占領

オスマン帝国、西トラキアを失う

アルバニアが独立を宣言

休戦、クーデター、戦争再開

ギリシャ海軍がオスマン帝国海軍を破る

コリツァの占領

ギリシャによるエーゲ海の支配

ブレアの戦い

オスマン帝国の反撃

ビザニの戦い

アドリアーノープルの陥落

第一次バルカン戦争終結

セルビア・ギリシャ同盟

ロシアの仲裁

第二次バルカン戦争

第二次バルカン戦争の概要

ブレガルニカの戦い

キルキス・ラチャナスの戦い

クニャジェヴァツの戦い

ルーマニア人がブルガリアに侵攻

ヴィディン包囲戦

カリマンシの戦い

オスマン帝国の介入

クレスナ渓谷の戦い

ブカレスト条約

コンスタンティノープル条約

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