The Mamluk rule in Iraq, lasting from 1704 to 1831, represents a unique period in the region's history, characterized by relative stability and autonomous governance within the Ottoman Empire. The Mamluk regime, initially established by Hasan Pasha, a Georgian Mamluk, marked a shift from the direct control of the Ottoman Turks to a more locally governed system.

Hasan Pasha's rule (1704-1723) set the foundation for the Mamluk era in Iraq. He established a semi-autonomous state, maintaining nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan while exercising real control over the region. His policies focused on stabilizing the region, reviving the economy, and implementing administrative reforms. 

One of Hasan Pasha's significant achievements was the restoration of order and security along the trade routes, which revitalized the Iraqi economy. His son, Ahmad Pasha, succeeded him and continued these policies. Under Ahmad Pasha's rule (1723-1747), Iraq witnessed further economic growth and urban development, particularly in Baghdad.

The Mamluk rulers were known for their military prowess and were instrumental in defending Iraq against external threats, particularly from Persia. They maintained a strong military presence and utilized their strategic location to assert power in the region.

During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Mamluk rulers, such as Sulayman Abu Layla Pasha, continued to govern Iraq effectively. They implemented various reforms, including modernizing the army, establishing new administrative structures, and encouraging agricultural development. These reforms enhanced Iraq's prosperity and stability, making it one of the more successful provinces under the Ottoman Empire.

However, the Mamluk rule was not without challenges. Internal power struggles, tribal conflicts, and tensions with the Ottoman central authority were recurrent issues. The decline of the Mamluk regime began in the early 19th century, culminating in the Ottoman reconquest of Iraq in 1831 under Sultan Mahmud II. This military campaign, led by Ali Rıza Pasha, effectively ended the Mamluk rule, reasserting direct Ottoman control over Iraq.