The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the dynasty of Heraclius between 610 and 711. The Heraclians presided over a period of cataclysmic events that were a watershed in the history of the Empire and the world. At the beginning of the dynasty, the Empire's culture was still essentially Ancient Roman, dominating the Mediterranean and harbouring a prosperous Late Antique urban civilization. This world was shattered by successive invasions, which resulted in extensive territorial losses, financial collapse and plagues that depopulated the cities, while religious controversies and rebellions further weakened the Empire. By the dynasty's end, the Empire had evolved a different state structure: now known in historiography as medieval Byzantium, a chiefly agrarian, military-dominated society that was engaged in a lengthy struggle with the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/Rashidun-Caliphate" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Muslim Caliphate</a>. However, the Empire during this period was also far more homogeneous, being reduced to its mostly Greek-speaking and firmly Chalcedonian core territories, which enabled it to weather these storms and enter a period of stability under the successor <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/Byzantine-Empire-Isaurian-dynasty" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Isaurian Dynasty</a>. Nevertheless, the state survived and the establishment of the Theme system allowed the imperial heartland of Asia Minor to be retained. Under Justinian II and Tiberios III the imperial frontier in the East was stabilized, although incursions continued on both sides. The latter 7th century also saw the first conflicts with the Bulgars and the establishment of a <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Bulgaria" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bulgarian</a> state in formerly Byzantine lands south of the Danube, which would be the Empire's chief antagonist in the West until the 12th century.

Visual Timelines

拜占庭帝国：赫拉克利亚王朝 时间线

拜占庭帝国：赫拉克利亚王朝 时间线

序幕

拜占庭-萨珊战争

希拉克略的崛起

希拉克略成为拜占庭皇帝

希拉克略使希腊语成为帝国的官方语言

波斯在安条克战役中取得胜利

沙欣入侵小亚细亚

萨珊王朝征服埃及

希拉克略 622 年的战役

阿瓦尔人的拜占庭问题

624 年希拉克略战役

萨鲁斯之战

拜占庭-突厥联盟

君士坦丁堡围攻

拜占庭-萨珊战争结束

穆斯林征服黎凡特

阿吉那丹之战

大马士革围攻

法尔战役

雅穆克河之战

穆斯林征服叙利亚北部

穆斯林征服拜占庭埃及

赫利奥波利斯之战

君士坦斯二世与宗教争议

君士坦斯二世统治

驻唐朝中国大使馆

拜占庭失去亚历山大

穆斯林袭击非洲总督区

常量的类型

桅杆之战

塞浦路斯、克里特岛和罗德岛

第一菲特纳

康斯坦斯向西移动

倭马亚人占领卡尔西顿

内乱和倭马亚王朝的崛起

君士坦丁四世统治

倭马亚王朝收复北非

第一次阿拉伯人围攻君士坦丁堡

帖撒罗尼迦围城战

穆阿维叶请求和平

君士坦丁堡第三次大公会议

保加利亚人入侵巴尔干半岛

查士丁尼二世第一次统治

列昂提乌斯将军在亚美尼亚的战役中取得成功

查士丁尼二世击败马其顿保加利亚人

与倭马亚人的战争再次爆发

查士丁尼二世被废黜并流放

迦太基远征

提比略三世统治

亚美尼亚人反抗倭马亚人

查士丁尼二世第二次统治

被保加利亚人击败

西里西亚落入倭马亚人手中

赫拉克利亚王朝末期

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拜占庭帝国：赫拉克利亚王朝时间线

拜占庭帝国：赫拉克利亚王朝时间线