The early written records of the history of Montenegro begin with Illyria and its various kingdoms until the Roman Republic incorporated the region into the province of Illyricum (later Dalmatia and Praevalitana) after the Illyro-Roman Wars. In the Early Middle Ages, Slavic migration led to several Slavic states. In the 9th century, there were three principalities on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half, Travunia, the west, and Rascia, the north. In 1042, Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, Mihailo (1046–81), and his grandson Bodin (1081–1101). By the 13th century, Zeta had replaced Duklja when referring to the realm. In the late 14th century, southern Montenegro (Zeta) came under the rule of the Balšić noble family, then the Crnojević noble family, and by the 15th century, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora (Venetian: monte negro). Large portions fell under the control of the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-the-Ottoman-Empire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ottoman Empire</a> from 1496 to 1878. Parts were controlled by the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/Republic-of-Venice" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Republic of Venice</a>. From 1515 until 1851 the prince-bishops (vladikas) of Cetinje were the rulers. The House of Petrović-Njegoš ruled until 1918. From 1918, it was a part of Yugoslavia. On the basis of an independence referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June of that year.

Visual Timelines

History of Montenegro Timeline

History of Montenegro Timeline

Illyrians

Immigration of Slavs

Medieval Dukedom of Duklja

Reign of Jovan Vladimir

State of Dukla

Battle of Bar

Kingdom of Dukla

Reign of Constantine Bodin

Duklja (Zeta) within the Nemanjić State

Zeta under the Balšići

Reign of Đurađ I Balšići

Reign of Balša II Balšići

Reign of Đurađ II Balšići

Venetian Albania

Reign of Balša III Balšići

Venetian Coastal Montenegro

Zeta within the Serbian Despotate

Reign of Stefan I Crnojević

Reign of Ivan Crnojević

Reign of Đurađ IV Crnojević

Ottoman Rule

Sandžak

Sanjak of Montenegro

Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro

Montenegro Vilayet

Serb uprising of 1596–1597

Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje

Petar I Petrović-Njegoš

Petar II Petrović-Njegoš

Principality of Montenegro

Montenegrin–Ottoman War

Battle of Vučji Do

Montenegrin Independence from Ottoman Rule

First Balkan War

Second Balkan War

World War I

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Christmas Uprising

World War II

Uprising in Montenegro

Socialist Republic of Montenegro

Breakup of Yugoslavia

Bosnian and Croatian War

1992 Montenegrin independence referendum

2006 Montenegrin Independence Referendum

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