The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Greece" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Greece</a>, Serbia, <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Montenegro" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Montenegro</a> and <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Bulgaria" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bulgaria</a> declared war upon the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-the-Ottoman-Empire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ottoman Empire</a> and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of its European provinces, leaving only Eastern Thrace under the Ottoman Empire's control. In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought against the other four original combatants of the first war. It also faced an attack from <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Romania" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Romania</a> from the north. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Although not involved as a combatant, Austria-Hungary became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples.[1] The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/World-War-I" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">First World War</a>".[2] By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule. In 1912, these countries formed the Balkan League. The First Balkan War began on 8 October 1912, when the League member states attacked the Ottoman Empire, and ended eight months later with the signing of the Treaty of London on 30 May 1913. The Second Balkan War began on 16 June 1913, when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its loss of Macedonia, attacked its former Balkan League allies. The combined forces of Serbian and Greek armies, with their superior numbers repelled the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked Bulgaria by invading it from the west and the south. Romania, having taken no part in the conflict, had intact armies to strike with and invaded Bulgaria from the north in violation of a peace treaty between the two states. The Ottoman Empire also attacked Bulgaria and advanced in Thrace regaining Adrianople. In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria managed to regain most of the territories it had gained in the First Balkan War. However, it was forced to cede the ex-Ottoman south part of Dobruja province to Romania.[3]

Visual Timelines

Guerras balcânicas Linha do tempo

Guerras balcânicas Linha do tempo

Prelúdio para a Guerra

Prólogo

Perspectiva dos Grandes Poderes

Tratados pré-guerra dos Balcãs

Revolta albanesa de 1912

Liga dos Balcãs

Situação do Império Otomano

Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs

Começa a Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs

Batalha de Kardzhali

Batalha de Kirk Kilisse

Batalha de Pente Pigadia

Batalha de Sarantaporo

Batalha de Kumanovo

Cerco de Scutari

Batalha de Lule Burgas

Batalha de Sorovich

Batalha de Yenidje

Batalha de Prilep

Cerco de Adrianópolis

Thessaloniki rende-se à Grécia

Batalha de Monastir

Primeira Batalha de Catalca

Revolta de Himara

Áustria-Hungria ameaça guerra

Batalha de Kaliakra

Grécia toma Lesbos

AGrécia toma Quios

Otomanos perdem a Trácia Ocidental

Albânia declara independência

Armistício, golpe e guerra recomeçam

Marinha grega derrota Marinha otomana

Captura de Korytsa

Dominação grega do Egeu

Batalha de Bulair

Contra-ofensiva Otomana

Batalha de Bizani

Queda de Adrianópolis

Fim da Primeira Guerra dos Bálcãs

Sérvia-Aliança Grega

Arbitragem Russa

Segunda Guerra Balcânica

Resumo da Segunda Guerra dos Bálcãs

Batalha de Bregalnica

Batalha de Kilkis-Lachanas

Batalha de Knjaževac

Romenos invadem a Bulgária

Cerco de Vidin

Batalha de Kalimanci

Intervenção otomana

Batalha do desfiladeiro de Kresna

Tratado de Bucareste

Tratado de Constantinopla

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