Yaƙin Wardi

Henry V ya mutu a shekara ta 1422. Henry VI zai tabbatar da cewa bai dace da shugabanci ba.A shekara ta 1455, ya auri Margaret na Anjou, 'yar' yar'uwar Sarkin Faransa don musanyawa da muhimman wurare na Maine da Anjou.An kori Richard na York daga babban umurninsa a Faransa kuma an aika shi don gudanar da mulkin Irland mai nisa tare da wa'adin mulki na shekaru goma, inda ba zai iya tsoma baki cikin al'amura a kotu ba.Margaret, tare da abokantaka na kud da kud da Somerset, za su yi amfani da kusan cikakken iko a kan sarki Henry.A ranar 15 ga Afrilun 1450, turawan Ingila sun fuskanci babban koma baya a Faransa a Formigny, wanda ya share fagen sake mamaye Normandy na Faransa.A waccan shekarar, an yi tashe-tashen hankula na jama'a a Kent, wanda galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin mafarin yaƙe-yaƙe na Wars.Henry ya nuna alamomi da dama na tabin hankali, mai yiwuwa ya gaji daga kakansa na uwa, Charles VI na Faransa.Kusan rashin jagoranci a harkokin soja ya sa sojojin Ingila a Faransa suka warwatse da rauni.

Fashewar ayyukan Henry a shekara ta 1453 ya gan shi yana ƙoƙarin kawar da tashin hankalin da aka samu tsakanin iyalai masu daraja.A hankali waɗannan gardama sun zama ruwan dare a kusa da tsayayyen rigimar Percy-Neville.Abin baƙin ciki ga Henry, Somerset (sabili da haka sarki) ya zama sananne tare da dalilin Percy.Wannan ya kori Nevilles a cikin hannun York, wanda yanzu a karon farko yana da goyon baya a cikin wani sashe na masu daraja.Rikicin Percy–Neville ya kasance jerin gwabzawa, hare-hare, da barna a tsakanin fitattun iyalai biyu na arewacin Ingila, da House of Percy da House of Neville, da mabiyansu, wanda ya taimaka tada yakin Wars na Roses.Ba a san ainihin dalilin da ya faru na dogon lokaci ba, kuma farkon tashin hankali ya kasance a cikin 1450s, kafin yakin Wars.

A watan Agustan 1453, da jin asarar ƙarshe na Bordeaux , Henry VI ya sami raunin hankali kuma ya zama gaba ɗaya maras amsa ga duk abin da ke faruwa a kusa da shi fiye da watanni 18.Gaba daya ya kasa amsawa, ya kasa magana, sai da aka yi masa jagora daga daki zuwa daki.Majalisar ta yi ƙoƙari ta ci gaba da ci gaba kamar naƙasar sarkin ba ta daɗe, amma dole ne su yarda a ƙarshe cewa dole ne a yi wani abu.A watan Oktoba, an ba da gayyata ga Babban Majalisar, kuma ko da yake Somerset ya yi ƙoƙarin cire shi, an haɗa York (shugaban duke na mulkin).Tsoron Somerset ya kasance yana da tushe sosai, domin a watan Nuwamba ya himmatu ga Hasumiyar Tsaro.Wasu masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa Henry yana fama da schizophrenia na catatonic, yanayin da ke tattare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da suka hada da stuor, catalepsy (rashin hankali) da mutism.Wasu kuma sun kira shi a matsayin rugujewar tunani.

Rashin ikon tsakiya ya haifar da ci gaba da tabarbarewar yanayin siyasa mara kyau, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen da aka dade a tsakanin iyalai masu daraja, musamman rikicin Percy-Neville, da rikicin Bonville-Courtenay, wanda ya haifar da yanayin siyasa mara kyau. cikakke don yakin basasa.Don tabbatar da za a iya gudanar da mulkin ƙasar, an kafa Majalisar Dokokin Mulki kuma, duk da zanga-zangar Margaret, Richard na York ya jagoranci, wanda aka nada Lord Protector da Babban Kansila a ranar 27 ga Maris 1454. Richard ya nada surukinsa. Richard Neville, Earl na Salisbury zuwa mukamin Chancellor, yana goyon bayan Nevilles a kan babban abokin gaba, Henry Percy, Earl na Northumberland.

A shekara ta 1455, Henry ya sake farfadowa daga rashin kwanciyar hankali, kuma ya canza yawancin ci gaban Richard.An sake Somerset kuma aka mayar da shi ga alheri, kuma an tilasta Richard fita daga kotu zuwa gudun hijira.Duk da haka, manyan mutane da ba su yarda da su ba, musamman Earl na Warwick da mahaifinsa Earl na Salisbury, sun goyi bayan iƙirarin da House of York na adawa da gwamnatin.Henry, Somerset, da zaɓaɓɓun majalisar sarakuna da aka zaɓa don gudanar da Babban Majalisa a Leicester ranar 22 ga Mayu, nesa da abokan gaba na Somerset a London.Suna tsoron kada a tuhume su da laifin cin amanar kasa, Richard da abokansa suka tara sojoji domin su katse jam’iyyar sarauta a St Albans, kafin su isa majalisar.

Yakin farko na St Albans a al'adance shine farkon yakin wardi a Ingila.Richard, Duke na York, da abokansa, Neville earls na Salisbury da Warwick, sun ci nasara da sojojin sarki Edmund Beaufort, Duke na Somerset, wanda aka kashe.Tare da kama Sarki Henry VI, majalisar da ta biyo baya ta nada Richard na York Lord Protector.

Bayan Yaƙin Farko na St Albans a 1455, an gudanar da zaman lafiya a Ingila.Ƙoƙarin yin sulhu tsakanin gidajen Lancaster da York sun sami nasara kaɗan.Duk da haka, bangarorin biyu sun kara yin kaurace wa juna kuma a shekara ta 1459 suna daukar nauyin masu goyon baya.Sarauniya Margaret na Anjou ta ci gaba da ba da goyon baya ga Sarki Henry na VI a tsakanin manyan mutane, inda ta rarraba alamar swan na azurfa ga maƙiyi da squires da ita da kanta ta yi rajista, yayin da umurnin Yorkist a ƙarƙashin Duke na York yana samun goyon baya da yawa na adawa da sarauta duk da haka. hukunci mai tsanani na tayar da makami a kan sarki.Ƙarfin Yorkist da ke zaune a Gidan Middleham a Yorkshire (wanda Earl na Salisbury ya jagoranta) yana buƙatar haɗi tare da babban sojojin York a Ludlow Castle a Shropshire.Yayin da Salisbury ya yi tafiya kudu-maso-yamma ta cikin Midlands Sarauniyar ta umurci Lord Audley ya tsame su.Yaƙin ya haifar da nasara na Yorkist.Akalla 2,000 Lancastrians aka kashe, tare da Yorkists sun yi asarar kusan 1,000.

Dakarun Yorkist sun fara kamfen din ya watse a cikin kasar.York da kansa ya kasance a Ludlow a cikin Welsh Marches, Salisbury yana a Middleham Castle a Arewacin Yorkshire kuma Warwick yana Calais.Yayin da Salisbury da Warwick suka yi tafiya don shiga Duke na York, Margaret ya ba da umarni a karkashin Duke na Somerset don shiga Warwick da wani a karkashin James Tuchet, Baron Audley na 5 don shiga Salisbury.Warwick ya yi nasarar tserewa Somerset, yayin da aka fatattaki sojojin Audley a yakin Blore Heath mai zubar da jini.Kafin Warwick ya shiga cikin su, sojojin Yorkist mai dakaru 5,000 a karkashin Salisbury, sojojin Lancastrian sau biyu sun yi kwanton bauna a karkashin Baron Audley a Blore Heath a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1459. An ci sojojin Lancastrian, kuma Baron Audley da kansa ya kashe a yakin.A watan Satumba, Warwick ya haye zuwa Ingila kuma ya yi hanyar arewa zuwa Ludlow.A gadar Ludford da ke kusa, sojojin Yorkist sun warwatse saboda sauya sheka na sojojin Calais na Warwick a karkashin Sir Andrew Trollope.

An tilasta masa guduwa, Richard, wanda har yanzu Laftanar Ireland ne, ya tafi Dublin tare da dansa na biyu, Earl na Rutland, yayin da Warwick da Salisbury suka tashi zuwa Calais tare da rakiyar magajin Richard, Earl na Maris.Bangaren Lancastrian sun nada sabon Duke na Somerset don maye gurbin Warwick a Calais, duk da haka, 'yan Yorkists sun sami nasarar riƙe amincin garrison.Sabo da nasarar da suka samu a gadar Ludford, ƙungiyar Lancastrian ta taru Majalisar Dokoki a Coventry da manufar cimma Richard, da 'ya'yansa maza, Salisbury, da Warwick, duk da haka, ayyukan wannan taron ya sa iyayengiji da yawa marasa biyayya su ji tsoron sunayensu da dukiyoyinsu. .A cikin Maris 1460, Warwick ya tashi zuwa Ireland a ƙarƙashin kariya daga Gascon Lord of Duras don shirya shirye-shirye tare da Richard, yana guje wa rundunar sojojin da Duke na Exeter ya umarta, kafin su koma Calais.

A ƙarshen Yuni 1460, Warwick, Salisbury, da Edward na Maris sun haye tashar, suna yin ƙasa a Sandwich kuma suka hau arewa zuwa London, inda suka sami tallafi mai yawa.An bar Salisbury da karfi don kewaye Hasumiyar London, yayin da Warwick da Maris suka bi Henry zuwa arewa.Yorkists sun ci karo da Lancastrians kuma suka ci su a Northampton a ranar 10 ga Yuli 1460. A lokacin yakin, a gefen hagu na Lancastrian, wanda Lord Gray na Ruthin ya umarta ya canza bangarori kuma kawai ya bar Yorkist a cikin garu.Duke na Buckingham, Earl na Shrewsbury, Viscount Beaumont, da Baron Egremont duk an kashe su suna kare sarkinsu.A karo na biyu, 'yan York sun kama Henry a fursuna, inda suka yi masa rakiya zuwa Landan, lamarin da ya tilasta mika wuya ga sojojin Hasumiyar.

A wannan Satumba, Richard ya dawo daga Ireland, kuma, a Majalisar Dokokin Oktoba na wannan shekarar, ya yi alama ta nufinsa na neman kambin Ingilishi ta wurin dora hannunsa a kan karagar mulki, lamarin da ya girgiza taron.Hatta abokan Richard na kusa ba su shirya ba don tallafawa irin wannan matakin ba.Da yake tantance da'awar Richard, alkalan sun ji cewa ka'idodin dokokin gama gari ba za su iya tantance wanda ke da fifiko a cikin magajin ba, kuma sun bayyana batun "sama da doka kuma sun wuce koyonsu".Gano rashin cikakken goyon baya ga da'awarsa a cikin manyan mutane waɗanda a wannan mataki ba su da sha'awar kwace Henry, an cimma matsaya: An zartar da Dokar Yarjejeniyar a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1460, wadda ta bayyana cewa bayan mutuwar Henry, dansa Edward zai yi. Ba a raba gado, kuma kursiyin zai wuce zuwa Richard.Duk da haka, an ga sasantawa cikin sauri ba ta da daɗi, kuma an sake samun tashin hankali.

Tare da sarki yadda ya kamata a tsare, York da Warwick sune ainihin masu mulkin ƙasar.Yayin da hakan ke faruwa, masu biyayya ga Lancastrian sun yi ta gangami da makamai a arewacin Ingila.Fuskantar barazanar kai hari daga Percys, kuma tare da Margaret na Anjou na ƙoƙarin samun goyon bayan sabon Sarkin Scotland James III, York, Salisbury da ɗan York na biyu Edmund, Earl na Rutland, ya nufi arewa a ranar 2 ga Disamba kuma ya isa Tugar York ta Sandal Castle a ranar 21 ga Disamba, amma ta sami ƙarfin adawar Lancastrian ya fi su yawa.A ranar 30 ga Disamba, York da sojojinsa sun jera daga Sandal Castle.Ba a bayyana dalilansu na yin hakan ba;Ana da'awar su daban-daban sakamakon yaudara da sojojin Lancastrian suka yi, ko kuma ha'incin sarakunan arewa wadanda York suka yi kuskuren yarda cewa abokansa ne, ko kuma rashin kunya daga bangaren York.Babban sojojin Lancastrian sun lalata sojojin York a sakamakon yakin Wakefield.An kashe York a yakin.An ba da rahoton ainihin yanayin ƙarshensa daban-daban;ko dai ba a yi masa doki ba, an ji masa rauni kuma an sha fama da yaƙi har ya mutu ko kuma a kama shi, an ba shi kambi na izgili sannan a fille kansa.

Tare da mutuwar York, lakabinsa da da'awar sarauta sun gangaro zuwa Edward na Maris, yanzu Duke na 4th na York.Ya nemi hana sojojin Lancastrian daga Wales, karkashin jagorancin Owen Tudor da dansa Jasper, Earl na Pembroke, shiga babban rundunar sojojin Lancastrian.Bayan ya yi Kirsimeti a Gloucester, ya fara shirin komawa London.Duk da haka, sojojin Jasper Tudor suna gabatowa kuma ya canza shirinsa;don hana Tudor shiga babban rundunar Lancastrian da ke gabatowa London, Edward ya koma arewa tare da sojoji kusan dubu biyar zuwa Mortimer's Cross.Edward ya ci karfin Lancastrian.

Warwick, tare da Sarki Henry da aka kama a cikin jirginsa, yayin da yake tafiya don toshe hanyar sojojin Sarauniya Margaret zuwa London.Ya ɗauki matsayi a arewacin St Albans yana kan babbar hanyar arewa daga arewa (tsohuwar titin Romawa da aka fi sani da Watling Street), inda ya kafa ƙayyadaddun tsaro da yawa, gami da igwa da cikas irin su caltrops da pavises ɗin da ke cike da spikes.An ci nasara a kan 'yan Yorkists a wannan yakin da ya ga Henry VI ya koma hannun Lancastrian.Ko da yake Margaret da sojojinta yanzu za su iya tafiya London ba tare da hamayya ba, ba su yi haka ba.Sunan sojojin Lancastrian na sata ya sa mutanen Landan suka tare ƙofofin.Wannan kuma ya sa Margaret yin shakka, kamar yadda labarin nasarar Edward na Maris ya yi a Mortimer's Cross.Maimakon yin tattaki a Landan don tabbatar da hasumiya bayan nasarar da ta samu, Sarauniya Margaret ta yi shakka, don haka ta ɓata damar sake samun mulki.Edward na Maris da Warwick sun shiga Landan a ranar 2 ga Maris, kuma an yi wa Edward da sauri an yi shelar Sarkin Ingila Edward IV.

A ranar 4 ga Maris Warwick ya ayyana matashin shugaban Yorkist a matsayin Sarki Edward IV.A yanzu kasar tana da sarakuna biyu - lamarin da ba za a bar shi ya dawwama ba, musamman idan za a nada Edward a hukumance.Sarkin matashi ya kira kuma ya umarci mabiyansa su yi tafiya zuwa York don mayar da birnin iyalinsa kuma su kori Henry ta hanyar amfani da makamai.A ranar 28 ga Maris, manyan abubuwan sojojin Yorkist sun zo kan ragowar mashigar ta Ferrybridge da ke haye kogin Aire.Suna sake gina gadar ne lokacin da wasu gungun 'yan kasar Lancastrian kusan 500 suka kai musu hari tare da fatattake su, karkashin jagorancin Lord Clifford.Sanin haduwar, Edward ya jagoranci manyan sojojin Yorkist zuwa gada kuma an tilasta shi cikin wani mummunan yaki.Lancastrians sun ja da baya amma an kore su zuwa Dinting Dale, inda aka kashe su duka, Clifford an kashe shi da kibiya zuwa makogwaro.

Bayan yakin Ferrybridge, 'yan York sun gyara gada kuma suka matsa zuwa sansanin dare a Sherburn-in-Elmet.Sojojin Lancastrian sun yi tattaki zuwa Tadcaster suka yi sansani.Da gari ya waye sai rundunonin biyu masu gaba da juna suka afkawa sansani a karkashin duhun sama da iska mai karfi.Lokacin da suka isa filin daga 'yan Yorkers sun sami kansu da yawa.Wani ɓangare na ƙarfinsu a ƙarƙashin Duke na Norfolk bai isa ba tukuna.Shugaban ’yan York Lord Fauconberg ya juya kan teburi ta hanyar umartar maharbansa da su yi amfani da iska mai karfi don firgita abokan gaba.Musayar makami mai linzami mai gefe guda, tare da kibiyoyin Lancastrian da suka yi kasa da matsayi na Yorkist, ya tunzura Lancastrians suyi watsi da matsayinsu na tsaro.Rikicin hannu-da-hannu da ya biyo baya ya dauki tsawon sa'o'i, yana gajiyar da mayakan.Zuwan mutanen Norfolk ya ƙarfafa 'yan Yorkists kuma, Edward ya ƙarfafa su, sun ci nasara da abokan gaba.An kashe mutanen Lancastrian da yawa yayin da suke gudu;wasu sun tattake juna, wasu kuma sun nutse a cikin kogunan, wadanda aka ce sun yi jajayen jini na tsawon kwanaki.An kashe wasu da dama da aka kama fursuna.Shi ne "wataƙila yaƙi mafi girma da jini da aka taɓa yi a ƙasar Ingila".Ƙarfin gidan Lancaster ya ragu sosai sakamakon wannan yaƙin.Henry da Margaret sun gudu zuwa Scotland kuma yawancin mabiyan Lancastrian sun mutu ko kuma suna gudun hijira bayan da aka yi alkawari, sun bar wani sabon sarki, Edward IV, don mulkin Ingila.

Yaƙin Piltown ya faru a kusa da Piltown, County Kilkenny a cikin 1462 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Wars na Roses.An yi fafatawa tsakanin magoya bayan manyan mashawarta biyu na Irish Thomas FitzGerald, Earl na Desmond na 7, shugaban gwamnati a Dublin da mai kishin Yorkist, da John Butler, 6th Earl na Ormond wanda ya goyi bayan lamarin Lancastrian.Ya ƙare da gagarumin nasara ga Desmond da 'yan Yorkists, tare da sojojin Ormond sun yi rauni fiye da dubu.Wannan ya kawo ƙarshen fatan Lancastrian a cikin Ireland kuma ya ƙarfafa ikon FitzGerald na ƙarin rabin karni.Ormonds sun tafi gudun hijira, ko da yake daga baya Edward IV ya gafarta musu. Shi ne kawai babban yakin da za a yi a cikin Ubangiji na Ireland a lokacin yakin Wars.Har ila yau, wani bangare ne na takaddamar da aka dade ana gwabzawa tsakanin daular FitzGerald da daular Butler.

Warwick ya rinjayi Sarki Edward ya yi yarjejeniya da Louis XI na Faransa;A tattaunawar, Warwick ya ba da shawarar Edward za a jefa shi cikin kawancen aure tare da kambin Faransa;amaryar da aka nufa ko dai ita ce surukar Louis Bona na Savoy, ko kuma 'yarsa, Anne ta Faransa.Don tsananin kunyarsa da fushi, Warwick ya gano a cikin Oktoba 1464 cewa watanni huɗu da suka gabata a ranar 1 ga Mayu, Edward ya auri Elizabeth Woodville a asirce, gwauruwar wani ɗan ƙasar Lancastrian.Elizabeth tana da 'yan'uwa 12, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi aure a cikin manyan iyalai, suna juya Woodvilles zuwa wata kafa ta siyasa mai karfi ba tare da ikon Warwick ba.Yunkurin ya nuna cewa Warwick ba shine ikon bayan karagar ba kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka zaci.

Yaƙin Hexham, 15 ga Mayu 1464, ya nuna ƙarshen gagarumin juriya na Lancastrian a arewacin Ingila a farkon lokacin mulkin Edward IV.John Neville, daga baya ya zama 1st Marquess na Montagu, ya jagoranci runduna ta 3,000-4,000, kuma ya fatattaki 'yan tawayen Lancastrians.An kama yawancin shugabannin 'yan tawaye kuma an kashe su, ciki har da Henry Beaufort, Duke na Somerset, da Lord Hungerford.Henry VI, duk da haka, an kiyaye shi lafiya (wanda aka kama shi a yaƙi sau uku a baya), kuma ya tsere zuwa arewa.Da shugabancinsu ya tafi, ƙalilan ƙalilan ne kawai suka rage a hannun 'yan tawaye.Bayan waɗannan sun faɗi daga baya a cikin Shekara, Edward IV ba a ƙalubalanci sosai ba har sai Earl na Warwick ya canza mubaya'arsa daga Yorkist zuwa dalilin Lancastrian a 1469.

A cikin Afrilu 1469, tawaye ya barke a Yorkshire, karkashin wani shugaba mai suna Robin na Redesdale.Warwick da Clarence sun shafe lokacin bazara suna hada sojoji, ana zarginsu da taimakawa wajen murkushe tawaye.'Yan tawayen arewa sun nufi Northampton, da nufin hada kai da Warwick da Clarence.Yakin Edgcote ya haifar da nasarar 'yan tawaye wanda ya mika mulki na dan lokaci ga Earl na Warwick.An kama Edward kuma an tsare shi a Castle Middleham.An kashe surukinsa Earl Rivers da John Woodville a Gosford Green Coventry a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1469. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana a fili cewa akwai ƙarancin tallafi ga Warwick ko Clarence;An saki Edward a watan Satumba kuma ya ci gaba da sarauta.

Duk da sulhun da aka yi na Warwick da sarki, a watan Maris na 1470 Warwick ya sami kansa a cikin irin wannan matsayi kamar wanda ya kasance a gaban yakin Edgecote.Bai iya yin wani iko a kan, ko tasiri, manufofin Edward ba.Warwick ya so ya sanya wani ’yan’uwan sarki, George, Duke na Clarence, a kan karagar mulki domin ya sami damar samun rinjaye.Don yin hakan, ya yi kira ga tsaffin magoya bayan Majalisar Lancaster da ta sha kaye.Sir Robert Welles, ɗan Richard Welles ne ya fara tawayen a cikin 1470.Welles ya sami wasiƙa daga Sarki yana gaya masa ya wargaza sojojinsa na tawaye, ko kuma a kashe mahaifinsa Lord Welles.Sojojin biyu sun hadu a kusa da Empingham a Rutland.Kafin jagororin wannan harin ma su kai ga yin luguden wuta da 'yan tawayen na gaba an gama yakin.’Yan tawayen sun fasa suka gudu maimakon su fuskanci mutanen sarki da aka horar da su sosai.Dukkanin kyaftin din, Sir Robert Welles da kwamandan sa Richard Warren an kama su ne a lokacin da aka kashe su bayan mako guda a ranar 19 ga Maris.Welles ya furta cin amanar sa, kuma ya kira Warwick da Clarence a matsayin "abokan tarayya da manyan masu tayar da hankali" na tawaye.An kuma samu wasu takardu da ke tabbatar da hadin gwiwar Warwick da Clarence, wadanda aka tilastawa barin kasar.

An hana su shiga Calais, Warwick da Clarence sun nemi mafaka da Sarki Louis XI na Faransa.Louis ya shirya sulhu tsakanin Warwick da Margaret na Anjou, kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar, Margaret da ɗan Henry, Edward, Yariman Wales, zai auri 'yar Warwick Anne.Manufar kawancen ita ce mayar da Henry VI kan karagar mulki.Har ila yau Warwick ya sake yin tawaye a arewa, kuma tare da sarki, shi da Clarence sun sauka a Dartmouth da Plymouth a ranar 13 ga Satumba 1470 a shugaban sojojin Lancastrian kuma a cikin Oktoba 2 1470, Edward ya gudu zuwa Flanders wani ɓangare na Duchy of Duchy Burgundy, sannan surukin Sarki Charles the Bold ya mulki.An maido da Sarki Henry yanzu, tare da Warwick yana aiki a matsayin mai mulki na gaskiya a matsayinsa na laftanar.A wata majalisa a watan Nuwamba, Edward ya sami filayensa da mukamansa, kuma Clarence ya sami kyautar Duchy na York.

Ƴan kasuwan Flemish masu arziƙi ne suka goyi bayansu, a cikin Maris 1471 Sojojin Edward sun sauka a Ravenspurn.Tare da tara ƙarin maza yayin da suke tafiya, 'yan Yorkists sun koma cikin ƙasa zuwa York.Magoya bayan sun ki amincewa da farko;Babban birnin York na arewacin kasar ya bude kofarsa ne kawai lokacin da ya yi ikirarin cewa yana neman dawo da mulkinsa, kamar Henry IV shekaru saba'in da suka gabata.Yayin da suke tafiya kudu, ƙarin ƴan ma'aikata sun shigo ciki har da 3,000 a Leicester.Da zarar rundunar Edward ta tattara isasshen ƙarfi, sai ya watsar da wannan dabara ya nufi kudu zuwa London.Edward ya aika Gloucester ya roƙi Clarence ya bar Warwick kuma ya koma House of York, tayin da Clarence ya yarda da shi.Wannan yana ƙara nuna yadda aminci ya kasance mai rauni a waɗannan lokutan.Edward ya shiga Landan ba tare da hamayya ba ya kama Henry a fursuna;'Yan leken asirin Lancastrian sun binciki Barnet, wanda ke da tazarar kilomita 19 daga arewacin London, amma an doke su.A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, manyan sojojinsu sun tashi tsaye a kan wani tudu mai tsayi a arewacin Barnet don shirya yaƙi washegari.Sojojin Warwick sun zarce na Edward sosai, duk da cewa majiyoyi sun sha bamban akan ainihin adadin.Yaƙin ya kasance daga sa'o'i biyu zuwa uku, kuma a lokacin da hazo ya tashi da safe, Warwick ya mutu kuma ɗan York ya yi nasara.

Louis XI ya buƙace shi, a ƙarshe Margaret ta tashi a jirgin ruwa a ranar 24 ga Maris.Guguwa ta tilasta wa jiragenta komawa Faransa sau da yawa, kuma ita da Yarima Edward a ƙarshe sun sauka a Weymouth a Dorsetshire a ranar da aka yi yaƙin Barnet.Babban fatansu shi ne su yi tattaki zuwa arewa su hada karfi da karfe da Lancastrians a Wales, karkashin jagorancin Jasper Tudor.A Landan Sarki Edward ya sami labarin saukar Margaret kwana biyu kacal da isowarta.Ko da yake ya ba da dama daga cikin magoya bayansa da sojojinsa barin bayan nasarar da aka samu a Barnet, amma duk da haka ya sami damar tattara wani gagarumin karfi cikin sauri a Windsor, kusa da yammacin London.A yakin Tewkesbury an ci Lancastrians gaba daya kuma an kashe Edward, Yariman Wales, da kuma manyan manyan sarakunan Lancastrian da yawa a lokacin yakin ko kuma aka kashe su.Sarauniya Margaret ta mutu kwata-kwata a ruhinta bayan mutuwar danta kuma William Stanley ya kama ta a karshen yakin.Henry ya mutu ne saboda rashin tausayi da jin labarin yakin Tewkesbury da mutuwar dansa.Ana zargin cewa Edward IV, wanda aka sake yi masa sarauta da safe bayan mutuwar Henry, ya ba da umarnin kashe shi.Nasarar Edward ta biyo bayan shekaru 14 na mulkin Yorkist akan Ingila.

Mulkin Edward yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali a cikin gida;a 1475 ya mamaye Faransa, duk da haka ya sanya hannu kan yerjejeniyar Picquigny tare da Louis XI inda Edward ya janye bayan da ya karɓi fara biya na rawanin 75,000 tare da fansho na shekara-shekara na rawanin 50,000, yayin da a 1482, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace sarautar Scotland amma a ƙarshe aka tilasta masa. don komawa Ingila.A cikin 1483, lafiyar Edward ta fara kasawa kuma ta kamu da rashin lafiya a wannan Easter.Kafin mutuwarsa, ya kira ɗan'uwansa Richard don ya zama Majiɓincin Ubangiji ga ɗansa mai shekaru goma sha biyu kuma magajinsa, Edward.A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1483, Edward IV ya mutu.

A lokacin mulkin Edward, ɗan'uwansa Richard, Duke na Gloucester ya tashi ya zama babban mai girma a arewacin Ingila, musamman a birnin York inda shahararsa ta yi yawa.Kafin mutuwarsa, sarki ya kira Richard a matsayin Ubangiji Mai kare don ya zama mai mulki ga dansa mai shekaru goma sha biyu, Edward.A matsayin mai kare Ubangiji, Richard ya dakatar da nadin sarauta na Edward V akai-akai, duk da kiran da 'yan majalisar sarki suka yi, wadanda suke son kauce wa wani majiɓinci.A ranar 22 ga Yuni, ranar da aka zaɓa don nadin sarautar Edward, an yi wa'azi a wajen cocin St. Paul da ke ayyana Richard a matsayin sarki na gaskiya, wani matsayi wanda ƴan ƙasa suka roƙi Richard ya karɓa.Richard ya yarda da kwanaki hudu bayan haka, kuma aka nada sarauta a Westminster Abbey a ranar 6 ga Yuli 1483. Makomar sarakunan biyu bayan bacewarsu ya kasance a asirce har yau, duk da haka, bayanin da aka fi yarda da shi shi ne cewa an kashe su ne bisa umarnin Richard. III.

Tun da Edward IV ya sake samun kursiyin a 1471, Henry Tudor ya zauna a gudun hijira a kotun Francis II, Duke na Brittany.Henry ya kasance dan fursuna rabin bako, tun da Francis ya dauki Henry, da danginsa, da fadawansa a matsayin kayan ciniki masu mahimmanci don yin ciniki don taimakon Ingila, musamman a rikice-rikice da Faransa, don haka ya ba da kariya ga Lancastrians da ke gudun hijira, akai-akai ƙin mika wuya. su.Francis ya ba Henry rawanin zinariya 40,000, dakaru 15,000, da kuma rundunar jiragen ruwa don mamaye Ingila.Duk da haka, sojojin Henry sun warwatse da hadari, wanda ya tilasta Henry ya watsar da mamayewa.Duk da haka, Buckingham ya riga ya ƙaddamar da tawaye ga Richard a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1483 da nufin sanya Henry a matsayin sarki.Buckingham ya tara dakaru masu yawa daga yankunan sa na Welsh, kuma ya yi shirin shiga dan uwansa Earl na Devon.Duk da haka, ba tare da sojojin Henry ba, Richard ya ci nasara da tawayen Buckingham cikin sauƙi, kuma an kama Duke da aka ci nasara, aka yanke masa hukuncin cin amana, kuma aka kashe shi a Salisbury a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1483.

Hatsarin Henry na tashar Turanci a cikin 1485 ba tare da tashin hankali ba.Jiragen ruwa 30 sun tashi daga Harfleur a ranar 1 ga Agusta kuma, tare da iskoki masu kyau a bayansu, suka sauka a ƙasarsa ta Wales.Tun daga ranar 22 ga watan Yuni Richard ya san harin da Henry ke shirin kaiwa, kuma ya umurci iyayengijinsa da su kiyaye babban matakin shiri.Labarin saukar Henry ya isa Richard a ranar 11 ga Agusta, amma an ɗauki kwanaki uku zuwa huɗu kafin manzanninsa su sanar da sarakunansa game da taron sarkinsu.A ranar 16 ga Agusta, sojojin Yorkist suka fara taruwa.A ranar 20 ga Agusta, Richard ya hau daga Nottingham zuwa Leicester, tare da Norfolk.Ya kwana a masaukin Blue Boar.Northumberland ta isa washegari.Henry ya ci yakin Bosworth Field ya ci nasara kuma ya zama sarkin Ingila na farko na daular Tudor.Richard ya mutu a yaƙi, shi kaɗai ne sarkin Ingila da ya yi hakan.Shi ne na karshe gagarumin yaki na Wars na Roses.

Wani dan yaudara da ke ikirarin shi Edward ne (ko dai Edward, Earl na Warwick ko Edward V a matsayin Matthew Lewis hypothesises), wanda sunansa Lambert Simnel, ya zo gaban John de la Pole, Earl na Lincoln ta hanyar hukumar wani firist mai suna Richard Symonds. .Ko da yake mai yiwuwa ba shi da shakka game da ainihin ainihin Simnel, Lincoln ya ga damar yin fansa da fansa.Lincoln ya tsere daga kotun Ingila a ranar 19 ga Maris 1487 ya tafi kotun Mechelen (Malines) da innarsa, Margaret, Duchess na Burgundy.Margaret ta ba da tallafin kudi da na soji a cikin nau'ikan sojojin hayar Jamus da Switzerland 2000, karkashin kwamandan Martin Schwartz.Lincoln ya kasance tare da wasu 'yan tawayen Ingila Lords a Mechelen.'Yan York sun yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa Ireland kuma sun isa Dublin a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1487, inda Lincoln ya dauki sojojin haya 4,500 na Irish, galibi kerns, masu sulke marasa nauyi amma sojoji na hannu sosai.Tare da goyon bayan manyan malamai da limaman Irish, Lincoln ya sa mai yin riya Lambert Simnel ya lashe "King Edward VI" a Dublin a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1487.

Lokacin da ya sauka a Lancashire a ranar 4 ga Yuni 1487, Lincoln ya haɗu da da yawa daga cikin ƴan ƙasa karkashin jagorancin Sir Thomas Broughton.A cikin jerin jerin tafiye-tafiyen tilastawa, sojojin Yorkist, wadanda yanzu adadinsu ya kai 8,000, sun shafe sama da mil 200 a cikin kwanaki biyar.A ranar 15 ga Yuni, Sarki Henry ya fara tafiya arewa maso gabas zuwa Newark bayan samun labarin cewa Lincoln ya ketare kogin Trent.Da misalin karfe tara na safiyar ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, sojojin gaba na Sarki Henry, karkashin jagorancin Earl na Oxford, sun ci karo da sojojin Yorkist.Yakin Stoke Field nasara ce ga Henry kuma ana iya la'akari da yakin karshe na Yakin Roses, tun da shi ne babban kawance na karshe tsakanin masu neman karagar mulki wanda ikirarinsu ya samo asali ne daga zuriya daga gidajen Lancaster da York bi da bi.An kama Simnel, amma Henry ya yafe shi a cikin nuna tausayi wanda bai cutar da sunansa ba.Henry ya gane cewa Simnel dan tsana ne kawai ga manyan Yorkists.An ba shi aiki a gidan girki na sarauta, sannan daga baya aka kara masa girma zuwa falconer.

Wasu masana tarihi sun yi tambaya game da tasirin yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin al'umma da al'adun Ingilishi.Yaƙe-yaƙe da yaƙe-yaƙe bai shafe yawancin sassan Ingila ba, musamman Gabashin Anglia.Masu zamani irin su Philippe de Commines sun lura a cikin 1470 cewa Ingila wani lamari ne na musamman idan aka kwatanta da yaƙe-yaƙe da suka faru a nahiyar, ta yadda sakamakon yaƙin ba a ziyarci sojoji da manyan mutane kawai ba, ba 'yan ƙasa da dukiyoyi masu zaman kansu ba.Manyan iyalai masu daraja da yawa sun sami gurgunta ikonsu saboda fadan, kamar dangin Neville, yayin da layin maza na daular Plantagenet ya bace.Duk da ƙarancin tashin hankalin da aka yi wa farar hula, yaƙe-yaƙe sun yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 105,000, kusan kashi 5.5% na yawan jama'a a 1450, kodayake a shekara ta 1490 Ingila ta sami karuwar 12.6% a matakin yawan jama'a idan aka kwatanta da 1450, duk da yake-yake.Hawan daular Tudor ya ga ƙarshen zamanin da a Ingila da kuma wayewar Renaissance na Ingilishi, wani yanki na Renaissance na Italiya, wanda ya ga juyin juya hali a fasaha, adabi, kiɗa, da gine-gine.Gyaran Ingilishi, hutun Ingila da Cocin Roman Katolika, ya faru ne a ƙarƙashin Tudors, waɗanda suka ga kafa Cocin Anglican, da haɓakar Furotesta a matsayin babban ɗariƙar addini na Ingila.Bukatar Henry na VIII ga magajin namiji, wanda zai iya haifar da rikici na maye gurbin da ya mamaye Wars na Roses, shine babban abin da ke motsa hankalinsa ya yanke shawarar raba Ingila da Roma.