Yaƙin Punic na uku shine na uku kuma na ƙarshe na Yaƙin Punic da aka yi tsakanin Carthage da Roma.An yi yakin gaba daya a cikin yankin Carthaginian, a arewacin Tunisiya na zamani.Lokacin dayaƙi na biyu ya ƙare a shekara ta 201 KZ, ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ya hana Carthage yin yaƙi ba tare da izinin Roma ba.Abokin Rum, Sarki Masinissa na Numidia, ya yi amfani da wannan don kai hari da kuma kwace yankin Carthaginan ba tare da wani hukunci ba.A cikin 149 KZ Carthage ya aika da sojoji, a ƙarƙashin Hasdrubal, a kan Masinissa, yarjejeniyar duk da haka.Yaƙin ya ƙare cikin bala'i yayin da yaƙin Oroscopa ya ƙare tare da shan kashi na Carthaginian da kuma mika wuya na sojojin Carthaginian.Ƙungiyoyin Anti-Carthaginian a Roma sun yi amfani da haramtacciyar aikin soja a matsayin hujja don shirya balaguron hukunci.
A ƙarshen yaƙin Masinissa, ƙawancin Roma, ya zama mai mulki mafi ƙarfi a cikin Numidians, ƴan asalin ƙasar waɗanda ke iko da yawancin ƙasashen Aljeriya da Tunisiya.A cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa ya ci gaba da amfani da rashin iyawar Carthage don kare dukiyarsa.Duk lokacin da Carthage ya roki Roma don gyara, ko izinin daukar matakin soja, Roma ta goyi bayan Masinissa, kuma ta ƙi.Kame Masinisa na kai hari da kai hari cikin yankin Carthaginian ya zama ƙarara.
A cikin 151 KZ Carthage ya tayar da babban runduna wanda babban hafsan sojan Carthaginian Hasdrubal wanda ba a yi rikodin shi ba a baya kuma, yarjejeniyar duk da haka, ta kai hari ga Numidians.Yaƙin na Oroscopa ya ƙare a cikin bala'i kuma sojojin sun mika wuya;Yawancin Carthaginians daga baya Numidians sun kashe su.Hasdrubal ya tsere zuwa Carthage, inda, a ƙoƙari na sanya Roma, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa.
Carthage ya biya bashinsa ga Roma, ya sanya shekaru hamsin kafin a ƙarshen Yaƙin Farko na Farko , a cikin 151 KZ kuma yana ci gaba da bunkasa tattalin arziki, amma ba barazanar soja ba ne ga Roma.Duk da haka, an daɗe da samun wani bangare a Majalisar Dattawan Roma da ke son ɗaukar matakin soja a kan Carthage.Yin amfani da haramtacciyar aikin soja na Carthaginian a matsayin hujja, Roma ta fara shirya balaguron hukunci.Ofisoshin jakadancin Carthaginian sun yi ƙoƙarin yin shawarwari da Roma, wanda ya mayar da martani a guje.Babban tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewacin Afirka na Utica, kimanin kilomita 55 (34 mi) arewa da Carthage, ya koma Roma a 149 KZ.Sanin cewa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Utica za ta sauƙaƙe duk wani hari a Carthage, Majalisar Dattawa da Majalisar Jama'ar Roma sun ayyana yaƙi a Carthage.
Babban sojojin Romawa sun sauka a Utica a shekara ta 149 K.Z. a ƙarƙashin jakadan biyu na wannan shekara, Manius Manilius da ke jagorantar sojojin da Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.Carthaginians sun ci gaba da ƙoƙari don gamsar da Roma, kuma sun aika da jakadanci zuwa Utica.Ministocin sun bukaci da su mika dukkan makamai, kuma cikin rashin so Carthaginians sun yi hakan.Manya-manyan ayari sun kwashe kayan aiki masu yawa daga Carthage zuwa Utica.Bayanan da aka tsira sun bayyana cewa waɗannan sun haɗa da sulke 200,000 na sulke da katafalu 2,000.Jiragen yakin nasu duk sun tafi Utica kuma an kona su a tashar ruwa.Da zarar an kwance Carthage, Censorinus ya ƙara buƙatar cewa Carthaginians su bar garinsu kuma su ƙaura kilomita 16 (mita 10) daga teku;Daga nan za a lalata Carthage.Carthaginians sun watsar da tattaunawar kuma sun shirya don kare birninsu.
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149 BCE Mar 1 - 146 BCE Jan
Siege na Carthage
Carthage, Tunisia
Sifen Carthage shine babban haɗin kai na Yaƙin Punic na Uku da aka yi tsakanin Carthage da Roma.Ya ƙunshi kewaye kusan shekaru uku na babban birnin Carthaginian, Carthage (ɗan arewa maso gabashin Tunis).A shekara ta 149 K.Z., wani babban sojojin Roma ya sauka a Utica da ke Arewacin Afirka.Mutanen Carthaginians sun yi fatan su faranta wa Romawa rai, amma duk da Carthaginians sun mika wuya ga dukan makamansu, Romawa sun ci gaba da kewaye birnin Carthage.Kamfen na Romawa ya sha fama da koma baya a shekara ta 149 K.Z., Scipio Aemilianus, babban jami’i ne kawai ya rage shi, ya bambanta kansa sau da yawa.Wani sabon kwamandan Romawa ya karɓi ragamar mulki a shekara ta 148 K.Z., kuma ya yi nasara sosai.A lokacin zaɓe na shekara-shekara na alƙalai na Romawa a farkon shekara ta 147 K.Z., goyon bayan jama’a ga Scipio ya yi yawa har an ɗage takunkumin shekaru da aka saba yi don a ba shi kwamanda a Afirka.Lokacin Scipio ya fara ne tare da nasarar Carthaginian guda biyu, amma ya ƙarfafa kewaye kuma ya fara gina babban tawadar Allah don hana kayayyaki shiga cikin Carthage ta hanyar masu tsere.Mutanen Carthaginawa sun sake gina rundunarsu a wani yanki kuma an daidaita su, ga mamakin Romawa;bayan rashin yanke shawara Carthaginians sun yi kuskure wajen janyewarsu kuma sun yi asarar jiragen ruwa da yawa.Bayan haka, Romawa sun gina babban ginin bulo a yankin tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda ya mamaye bangon birnin.A cikin bazara na shekara ta 146 K.Z., Romawa suka kai farmaki na ƙarshe kuma suka halaka birnin cikin kwanaki bakwai a tsanake kuma suka kashe mazaunanta;kawai a rana ta ƙarshe sun kama fursunoni - 50,000, waɗanda aka sayar da su bauta.Yankunan Carthaginian na da sun zama lardin Roman na Afirka, tare da Utica a matsayin babban birninsa.An yi karni ɗaya kafin a sake gina wurin Carthage a matsayin birnin Romawa.
Yaƙin tafkin Tunis wani jerin ayyukan yaƙi ne na uku na Punic wanda aka yi a 149 KZ tsakanin Carthaginians da Jamhuriyar Roman.Ministocin Roman Manius Manilius da Lucius Marcius Censorinus, da ke jagorantar runduna daban-daban, sun yi ƙoƙari da yawa da ba su yi nasara ba na keta bangon Carthage.Daga baya, 'yan Carthaginians sun kaddamar da jiragen wuta, wanda ya lalata yawancin jiragen ruwa na Romawa.Daga ƙarshe Censorinus ya koma Roma, ya bar Manilius ya ci gaba da yaƙi.
Romawa sun zaɓi sababbin jakadu biyu a shekara ta 148 KZ, amma ɗaya daga cikinsu ne aka aika zuwa Afirka: Calpurnius Piso;Lucius Hostilius Mancinus ya umarci sojojin ruwa a matsayin wanda ke karkashinsa.Ya ja da baya kusa da kewayen Carthage zuwa wani shingen shinge kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya lalata sauran garuruwan da ke goyon bayan Carthagin a yankin.Ya kasa: Neapolis ya mika wuya kuma aka kore shi daga baya, amma Aspis ya yi tsayin daka da hare-hare daga sojojin Roma da na ruwa, yayin da aka kewaye Hippo ba tare da amfani ba.Wani nau'in Carthaginian daga Hippo ya lalata injinan kewayen Romawa wanda ya sa suka daina kamfen kuma suka shiga wuraren hunturu.Hasdrubal, wanda ya riga ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin Carthaginian, ya hambarar da jagorancin farar hula na Carthage kuma ya dauki kansa.Carthage yana da alaƙa da Andriscus, mai riya ga kursiyin Macedonia.Andriscus ya mamaye Makidoniya na Roma, ya ci sojojin Romawa, ya naɗa Sarki Filibus na shida, kuma ya haifar da Yaƙin Makidoniya na huɗu.
An zaɓe Scipio a matsayin jakada kuma aka nada shi a matsayin kwamanda a Afirka;Galibi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo an kebe wa jakadun biyu ta kuri'a.An ba shi damar da ya saba na rubuta isassun mazaje da za su iya cika adadin dakarun da ke wurin da kuma sabon hakki na shigar da masu sa kai.Scipio ya koma babban sansanin Romawa zuwa kusa da Carthage, wanda ƙungiyar Carthaginian ta 8,000 ta lura da shi sosai.Ya yi jawabin da ya bukaci a tsawaita horo sannan ya kori sojojin da yake ganin ba su da tarbiya ko kuma ba su da karfi.Sannan ya jagoranci wani harin dare mai nasara ya kutsa cikin garin tare da mutane 4,000.An firgita a cikin duhu, masu tsaron Carthaginian, bayan dagewar farko, suka gudu.Scipio ya yanke shawarar cewa matsayinsa ba zai zama mai karewa ba da zarar Carthaginians sun sake tsara kansu a cikin hasken rana, don haka ya janye.Hasdrubal, ya firgita da yadda kariyar Carthaginian ta ruguje, ya sa fursunoni na Romawa suka azabtar da su a jikin bango, a gaban sojojin Romawa.Ya kasance yana ƙarfafa nufin yin tsayayya a cikin 'yan ƙasar Carthaginian;daga wannan lokaci ba za a iya samun yiwuwar yin shawarwari ko ma mika wuya ba.Wasu daga cikin 'yan majalisar birnin sun yi tir da abin da ya aikata, kuma Hasdrubal ya sa aka kashe su kuma ya karbe iko da garin.Sabon kewayen na kusa ya katse hanyar shiga birnin, amma tsangwama a bakin teku ba zai yuwu ba tare da fasahar jiragen ruwa na lokacin.Cike da takaicin yawan abincin da ake turawa cikin birni, Scipio ya gina wani katafaren tawadar tawa don katse hanyar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar masu gudun hijira.Carthaginians sun amsa ta hanyar yanke sabon tashar daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa teku.Sun gina sabon jirgin ruwa kuma da zarar tashar ta kammala sai Carthaginians suka tashi, suna ɗaukar Romawa da mamaki.
A lokacin rani na shekara ta 147 KZ, a lokacin Siege na Carthage, rundunar sojojin Roma, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Lucius Hostilius Mancinus, sun sa ido sosai a birnin daga teku.Sojojin Scipio Aemilianus sun ƙarfafa jiragen ruwansa a wannan shekarar.Mutanen Carthaginians sun sami nasarar samun hanyar tserewa zuwa tekun da sojojin ruwan Roma ba su tare shi yadda ya kamata ba kuma suka sanya rundunarsu na triremes 50 da ƙananan lambobi na wasu jiragen ruwa zuwa tekun don fuskantar jirgin da ke mamaye.Sun haɗu da rundunar sojojin Roma a wajen tashar jiragen ruwa na Carthage, kuma sun ci karo da nasarar farko wajen tunkuɗa hare-haren Romawa zuwa jiragen ruwansu, suna yi musu rauni sosai.Yayin da yakin ya ci gaba, 'yan Carthaginians sun yanke shawarar komawa tashar jiragen ruwa.A lokacin wannan aiki, ƙananan jiragen ruwa na Carthaginian sun tare hanyar shiga tashar, wanda ya tilasta jiragen ruwa na Romawa kusa da ruwa mai zurfi.Yawancin ƙananan jiragen ruwa na Carthaginian sun nutse, amma da wayewar gari, yawancin sun yi nasarar komawa tashar jiragen ruwa.Wannan nasarar da sojojin ruwa na Carthaginian suka samu bai isa ya karya shingen da sojojin ruwan Roma suka yi ba.
Bayan da Romawa suka sha kashi a yakin tashar jiragen ruwa na Carthage, Scipio Aemilianus ya yanke shawarar halaka sojojin Carthagin a Nepheris, wani kagara mai karfi a kudancin babban birnin kasar inda a shekarar da ta gabata Romawa suka sha kashi a yakin Nepheris na farko da Hasdrubal the Boeotarch. .A cikin 147 KZ, Romawa sun tare Carthage kuma sun yanke duk kayan da ake aika wa masu tsaron gida a Nepheris wanda Diogenes na Carthage ke jagorantar kare su.Scipio ya kewaye sansanin Carthaginian, ya tilasta musu su fito su yi yaƙi da ƙananan sojojin Roma.An kewaye su a kowane bangare, Carthaginians sun yi nasara sosai, sun rasa dubban sojoji a lokacin yakin.An kama yawancin sauran sojojin Carthaginian fursuna;4,000 ne kawai suka yi nasarar zamewa.Kama Nepheris ya nuna alamar juyi a cikin halin masu kare Carthage, wanda zai fadi bayan 'yan watanni.
An tsawaita matsayin Scipio na kwamandan Romawa a Afirka na tsawon shekara guda a shekara ta 146 K.Z..A cikin bazara ya kaddamar da wani mummunan hari daga yankin tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda ya yi nasarar keta ganuwar.Fiye da kwanaki shida, ’yan Romawa suna bi ta hanyar da za su bi ta cikin birnin, suna kashe dukan waɗanda suka gamu da su kuma suka cinna wa gine-ginen da ke bayansu wuta.A rana ta ƙarshe Scipio ya yarda ya karɓi fursunoni, ban da 900 na Romawa da suka gudu a hidimar Carthaginian, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi daga Haikali na Eshmoun kuma suka ƙone shi a kusa da kansu sa'ad da bege ya ƙare.] A wannan lokacin Hasdrubal ya mika wuya ga Scipio bisa alkawarin na rayuwarsa da 'yancinsa.Matar Hasdrubal, tana kallo daga katanga, sai ta albarkaci Scipio, ta zagi mijinta, kuma ta shiga cikin haikali tare da 'ya'yanta, don ƙonewa.
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145 BCE Jan 1
Epilogue
Carthage, Tunisia
Roma ta ƙaddara cewa birnin Carthage ya kasance kango.Majalisar dattijai ta aika da kwamitin mutum goma kuma aka umarci Scipio da ya ci gaba da rusa gidaje.An la'anci duk wanda zai yi yunkurin sake tsugunar da wurin nan gaba.An kwace tsohon wurin birnin a matsayin ager publicus, filin jama'a.Scipio ya yi bikin nasara kuma ya ɗauki agnomen "Africanus", kamar yadda kakan riƙonsa ya yi.Ba a san makomar Hasdrubal ba, duk da cewa ya mika wuya kan alkawarin yin ritaya ga wani kadarori na Italiya.Rum ta mamaye yankunan Carthaginan a da, kuma suka sake zama lardin Romawa na Afirka, tare da Utica a matsayin babban birninsa.Lardin ya zama babban tushen hatsi da sauran abinci.Garuruwan Punic waɗanda suka tsaya kusa da Carthage har zuwa ƙarshe an bar su zuwa Roma a matsayin ager publicus, ko, kamar yadda yake a cikin Bizerte, an lalata su.An ƙyale garuruwan da suka tsira su riƙe aƙalla abubuwa na tsarin mulki da al'adunsu na gargajiya.
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