Furotesta na Haihuwa a Ireland

A cikin karni na goma sha takwas, yawancin mutanen Ireland sun kasance matalautan Katolika, ba su da aiki a siyasance saboda mummunan hukunci na tattalin arziki da siyasa wanda ya sa yawancin shugabanninsu suka koma Furotesta.Duk da haka, farkawa ta al'adu tsakanin Katolika ta fara tashi.An raba yawan jama'ar Furotesta a Ireland zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: Presbyterians a Ulster, waɗanda, duk da mafi kyawun yanayin tattalin arziki, ba su da ikon siyasa kaɗan, da Anglo-Irish, waɗanda suke membobin Cocin Anglican na Ireland kuma suna da iko mai mahimmanci, sarrafawa. yawancin filayen noma da manoma Katolika ke yi.Yawancin Anglo-Irish ba su da masu mallakar gida masu aminci ga Ingila, amma waɗanda ke zaune a Ireland sun ƙara bayyana a matsayin ƴan kishin ƙasar Irish kuma suna jin haushin ikon Ingilishi, tare da alkaluma kamar Jonathan Swift da Edmund Burke suna ba da shawarar samun yancin kai na gida.Juriyar Yakubu a Ireland ta ƙare tare da Yaƙin Aughrim a cikin Yuli 1691. Bayan haka, Anglo-Irish Ascendancy ya tilasta Dokokin Penal da ƙarfi don hana tashin Katolika na gaba.Wannan tsirarun Furotesta, kusan kashi 5% na yawan jama'a, suna sarrafa manyan sassa na tattalin arzikin Irish, tsarin shari'a, karamar hukuma, kuma suna da babban rinjaye a Majalisar Irish.Rashin amincewa da Presbyterians da Katolika, sun dogara ga gwamnatin Burtaniya don ci gaba da mulkinsu.Tattalin arzikin Ireland ya sha wahala a ƙarƙashin masu mallakar gida waɗanda ba su kula da gidaje marasa kyau, suna mai da hankali kan fitarwa maimakon amfani da gida.Tsananin lokacin sanyi a lokacin Ƙananan Ice Age ya haifar da yunwa na 1740-1741, ya kashe kusan mutane 400,000 kuma ya sa 150,000 yin hijira.Ayyukan Kewayawa sun sanya haraji kan kayayyakin Irish, wanda ya kara yin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, duk da cewa karnin yana da kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da na baya, kuma yawan jama'a ya ninka zuwa sama da miliyan hudu.A karni na goma sha takwas, masu mulkin Anglo-Irish suna ganin Ireland a matsayin ƙasarsu ta asali.Henry Grattan ya jagoranta, sun nemi ingantacciyar sharuɗɗan kasuwanci tare da Biritaniya da kuma samun 'yancin kai na majalisa ga Majalisar Irish.Yayin da aka sami wasu gyare-gyare, ƙarin shawarwari masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na ikon mallakar ikon Katolika sun tsaya cik.Katolika sun sami 'yancin yin zabe a shekara ta 1793 amma har yanzu ba su iya zama a majalisa ko rike mukaman gwamnati ba.Juyin juya halin Faransa ya rinjayi, wasu Katolika Katolika na Irish sun nemi ƙarin mafita na tsageru.Ireland wata masarauta ce ta daban wacce sarkin Birtaniyya ya mulki ta hannun Ubangiji Lieutenant na Ireland.Daga 1767, mai karfi Viceroy, George Townshend, tsakiya iko, tare da manyan yanke shawara a London.Ƙauyen Irish ya sami dokoki a cikin 1780s yana sa Majalisar Irish ta fi tasiri da zaman kanta, kodayake har yanzu tana ƙarƙashin kulawar sarki.Presbyterians da sauran ’yan adawa su ma sun fuskanci tsanantawa, wanda ya kai ga kafa Society of the United Irishmen a shekara ta 1791. Da farko sun nemi gyara majalisar dokoki da ’yantar da Katolika, daga baya suka bi jamhuriyar da ba ta da alaka da addini ta hanyar karfi.Wannan ya ƙare a cikin Tawayen Irish na 1798, wanda aka murkushe shi da zalunci kuma ya haifar da Ayyukan Ƙungiyar 1800, ta soke Majalisar Irish da haɗa Ireland cikin Ƙasar Ingila daga Janairu 1801.Lokacin daga 1691 zuwa 1801, wanda aka fi sani da "dogon zaman lafiya," ya kasance ba tare da tashin hankali na siyasa ba idan aka kwatanta da ƙarni biyu da suka gabata.Duk da haka, zamanin ya fara kuma ya ƙare da rikici.A ƙarshensa, yawan mabiya darikar Katolika ya ƙalubalanci rinjayen Protestant Ascendancy.Ayyukan Tarayyar 1800 sun nuna ƙarshen mulkin kai na Irish, ƙirƙirar Ƙasar Ingila.Tashin hankali na shekarun 1790 ya wargaza bege na shawo kan rarrabuwar kawuna, tare da Presbyterians sun nisanta kansu daga kawancen Katolika da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.A karkashin Daniel O'Connell, kishin kasa na Irish ya zama Katolika na musamman, yayin da yawancin Furotesta, ganin matsayinsu da haɗin gwiwa tare da Biritaniya, sun zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.