Yaƙin Independence na Irish

Yakin Independence na Irish (1919-1921) ya kasance yakin sa-in-sa ne da Sojojin Jamhuriyar Ireland (IRA) suka yi da sojojin Burtaniya, wadanda suka hada da Sojojin Burtaniya, da Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), da kungiyoyin sa kai kamar Black da Tans da Auxiliaries. .Wannan rikici ya biyo bayan tashin Ista na 1916, wanda, ko da yake da farko bai yi nasara ba, ya ba da goyon baya ga 'yancin kai na Irish kuma ya kai ga nasarar zaben 1918 na Sinn Féin, jam'iyyar jamhuriyar da ta kafa gwamnatin ballewa kuma ta ayyana 'yancin kai na Irish a 1919.Yaƙin ya fara ne a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1919, tare da harin Soloheadbeg, inda masu sa kai na IRA suka kashe jami’an RIC biyu.Da farko, ayyukan IRA sun mayar da hankali ne kan kama makamai da 'yantar da fursunoni, yayin da sabuwar kafa Dáil Éireann ta yi aiki don kafa ƙasa mai aiki.Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta haramta Dail a watan Satumba na 1919, wanda ke nuna karuwar rikici.Daga nan ne IRA ta fara kai wa RIC da sojojin sintiri kwanton bauna, inda suka kai hari bariki, tare da yin watsi da sansanonin da aka kebe.Dangane da mayar da martani, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta goyi bayan RIC tare da Black and Tans da Auxiliaries, wadanda suka shahara da mugunyar ramuwar gayya ga fararen hula, wadanda galibi gwamnati ta sanya musu takunkumi.Wannan lokaci na tashin hankali da ramuwar gayya ya zama sananne da "Baƙar fata da Tan War."Har ila yau rashin biyayyar jama'a ya taka rawa, tare da ma'aikatan layin dogo na Irish sun ƙi jigilar sojojin Burtaniya ko kayayyaki.A tsakiyar 1920, 'yan jamhuriya sun sami iko da yawancin gundumomi, kuma ikon Birtaniyya ya ragu a kudanci da yammacin Ireland.Tashin hankali ya yi kamari a ƙarshen 1920. A ranar Lahadi mai jini (21 ga Nuwamba, 1920), IRA ta kashe jami’an leƙen asirin Biritaniya goma sha huɗu a Dublin, kuma RIC ta mayar da martani ta hanyar harbi cikin jama’a a wani wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Gaelic, inda suka kashe fararen hula goma sha huɗu.A mako mai zuwa, IRA ta kashe mataimaka goma sha bakwai a cikin Kilmichael Ambush.An ayyana dokar ta-baci a yawancin kudancin Ireland, kuma sojojin Birtaniyya sun kona birnin Cork a matsayin ramuwar gayya saboda harin kwanton bauna.Rikicin ya tsananta, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar kusan mutane 1,000 da kuma shiga tsakanin 'yan jamhuriya 4,500.A Ulster, musamman a Belfast, rikicin yana da ma'anar mazhaba.Yawancin Furotesta, galibi ƴan haɗin kai da masu biyayya, sun yi karo da ƴan tsirarun Katolika waɗanda galibi ke goyon bayan 'yancin kai.’Yan sanda masu aminci da sabuwar kafa ta Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) sun kai hari ga mabiya darikar Katolika a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga ayyukan IRA, wanda ya kai ga rikicin bangaranci da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar kusan 500, yawancinsu Katolika ne.Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Mayu 1921 ta raba Ireland, ta haifar da Arewacin Ireland.Tsagaita wuta a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1921, ta kai ga yin shawarwari da yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish da aka rattaba hannu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1921. Yarjejeniyar ta kawo karshen mulkin Birtaniya a yawancin Ireland, wanda ya kafa Jihar 'Yanci ta Irish a matsayin mulkin kai a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1922. , yayin da Ireland ta Arewa ta ci gaba da zama wani yanki na Burtaniya.Duk da tsagaita wutar, ana ci gaba da tashe tashen hankula a Belfast da yankunan kan iyaka.IRA ta kaddamar da wani mummunan hari na Arewa wanda bai yi nasara ba a watan Mayu 1922. Rashin jituwa kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish tsakanin 'yan jamhuriya ya haifar da yakin basasa na Irish daga Yuni 1922 zuwa Mayu 1923. Ƙasar 'Yanci ta Irish ta ba da lambar yabo 62,000 don hidima a lokacin Yaƙin Independence, tare da fiye da 15,000 da aka ba wa mayakan IRA na ginshiƙan tashi.Yakin 'yancin kai na Irish ya kasance muhimmin lokaci a gwagwarmayar neman 'yancin kai na Ireland, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin sauye-sauye na siyasa da zamantakewa tare da aza harsashin yakin basasa na gaba da kuma kafa kasar Ireland mai cin gashin kanta.