Anglo-Norman mamayewa na Ireland

Yunkurin Anglo-Norman na Ireland, wanda ya fara a ƙarshen karni na 12, ya zama muhimmin lokaci a tarihin Irish, wanda ya fara sama da shekaru 800 na Ingilishi kai tsaye sannan daga baya Burtaniya ta shiga cikin Ireland.Wannan mamayewar ya samo asali ne daga isowar sojojin haya na Anglo-Norman, wadanda sannu a hankali suka mamaye kuma suka mallaki manyan yankuna, suka kafa ikon Ingilishi a kan Ireland, wanda ake zargin Paparoma Laudabiliter ya amince da shi.A cikin watan Mayun 1169, 'yan amshin shatan Anglo-Norman sun sauka a Ireland bisa bukatar Dirmait mac Murchada, Sarkin Leinster da aka tube.Da yake neman maido da sarautarsa, Diarmait ya nemi taimakon Normans, wadanda suka taimaka masa cikin gaggawa wajen cimma burinsa, suka fara kai farmaki kan masarautun da ke makwabtaka da su.Sarki Henry na biyu na Ingila ne ya ba da izini ga wannan tsoma bakin soja, wanda Diarmait ya rantse da aminci kuma ya yi alkawarin ƙasa don neman taimako.A cikin 1170, ƙarin sojojin Norman karkashin jagorancin Richard "Strongbow" de Clare, Earl na Pembroke, sun isa suka kwace manyan garuruwan Norse-Irish, ciki har da Dublin da Waterford.Auren Strongbow da 'yar Diarmait Aoífe ya ƙarfafa da'awarsa ga Leinster.Bayan mutuwar Diarmait a watan Mayu 1171, Strongbow ya yi iƙirarin Leinster, amma masarautun Irish sun yi hamayya da ikonsa.Duk da kawancen da Babban Sarki Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair ya jagoranta da ke kewaye da Dublin, Normans sun yi nasarar rike mafi yawan yankunansu.A cikin Oktoba 1171, Sarki Henry II ya sauka a Ireland tare da manyan sojoji don tabbatar da iko a kan Normans da Irish.Cocin Katolika na Roman Katolika ne ke goyan bayansa, wanda ke ganin sa baki a matsayin wata hanya ta tilasta yin gyare-gyare na addini da tattara haraji, Henry ya ba Strongbow Leinster a matsayin fiefdom kuma ya ayyana kambin garuruwan Norse-Irish.Ya kuma kira Majalisar Dattijai ta Cashel don gyara cocin Irish.Yawancin sarakunan Irish sun yi biyayya ga Henry, suna fatan zai hana fadada Norman.Duk da haka, kyautar da Henry ya ba Meath ga Hugh de Lacy da sauran ayyuka makamantansu sun tabbatar da ci gaba da rikice-rikicen Norman-Irish.Duk da yarjejeniyar Windsor ta 1175, wadda ta yarda da Henry a matsayin mai mulkin yankunan da aka ci nasara da Ruaidrí a matsayin mai mulkin sauran Ireland, fada ya ci gaba.Sarakunan Norman sun ci gaba da cin nasara, kuma sojojin Irish sun yi tsayayya.A cikin 1177, Henry ya ayyana ɗansa Yahaya a matsayin "Ubangijin Ireland" kuma ya ba da izini ƙarin fadada Norman.Normans sun kafa Mulkin Ireland, wani yanki na Daular Angevin.Zuwan Normans ya canza yanayin al'adu da tattalin arzikin Ireland sosai.Sun bullo da sabbin hanyoyin noma, wadanda suka hada da sana’ar ciyawa mai girma, da noman itatuwa masu ‘ya’ya, da sabbin nau’in dabbobi.Yawan amfani da tsabar kudin, wanda Vikings ya gabatar, ya kasance ta Normans ya kara kafa shi, tare da mints yana aiki a manyan garuruwa.Normans kuma sun gina ƙauyuka da yawa, suna canza tsarin feudal da kafa sabbin matsuguni.Haɓaka tsakanin Norman da ƙawance tare da sarakunan Irish sun nuna lokacin da ya biyo bayan cin nasara na farko.Normans sukan goyi bayan sarakunan Gaelic waɗanda ke fafatawa da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da abokan hamayyarsu, suna yin amfani da tsarin siyasar Gaelic.Dabarun Henry II na inganta kishiyoyin Norman sun taimaka masa ya ci gaba da tafiyar da harkokinsa yayin da ya shagaltu da harkokin Turai.Bayar da Meath ga Hugh de Lacy don daidaita ƙarfin Strongbow a Leinster ya misalta wannan hanya.De Lacy da sauran shugabannin Norman sun fuskanci ci gaba da juriya daga sarakunan Irish da rikice-rikicen yanki, wanda ya haifar da rashin zaman lafiya.Bayan tafiyar Henry II a 1172, fada ya ci gaba tsakanin Normans da Irish.Hugh de Lacy ya mamaye Meath kuma ya fuskanci adawa daga sarakunan gida.Rikici tsakanin Norman da ƙawance tare da sarakunan Irish ya ci gaba, yana ƙara dagula yanayin siyasa.Normans sun kafa ikonsu a yankuna daban-daban, amma tsayin daka ya ci gaba.A farkon karni na 13, zuwan karin mazauna Norman da ci gaba da yakin soja ya karfafa ikonsu.Ƙarfin Normans na daidaitawa da haɗin kai tare da al'ummar Gaelic, tare da bajintar soja, ya tabbatar da rinjaye su a Ireland tsawon shekaru masu zuwa.Duk da haka, kasancewarsu ya kuma kafa ginshiƙi na jure rikice-rikice da kuma sarƙaƙiyar tarihin alakar Anglo-Irish.