Genpei War

Yaƙin Genpei shi ne ƙarshen rikici na tsawon shekaru da yawa tsakanin dangin Taira da Minamoto a lokacin ƙarshen lokacin Heian naJapan akan ikon kotun daular, kuma ta hanyar tsawaita ikon Japan.A cikin Tawayen Hogen da kuma a cikin Tawayen Heiji na shekarun baya-bayan nan, Minamoto sun yi yunkurin sake samun iko daga Taira kuma suka kasa.A shekara ta 1180, Taira no Kiyomori ya dora jikansa Antoku (yana dan shekara 2 kacal) a kan karagar mulki bayan hambarar da sarki Takakura.

Minista Kiyomori ya bayar da sammacin kama Yarima Mochihito wanda aka tilastawa barin Kyoto ya nemi mafaka a gidan sufi na Mii-dera.Tare da dubban sojojin Taira suna tafiya zuwa gidan sufi, basaraken da mayakan Minamoto 300 sun yi tsere zuwa kudu zuwa Nara, inda ƙarin mayaƙan sufaye za su ƙarfafa su.Suna fatan sufaye daga Nara za su zo don ƙarfafa su kafin sojojin Taira su yi.Kamar dai yadda suka yayyaga allunan daga gadar daya tilo da ta haye kogin zuwa Byodo-in.

Da haske na farko a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, sojojin Taira sun yi tattaki cikin natsuwa har zuwa Byodo-in, da hazo mai kauri ya boye.Nan take Minamoto suka ji kukan yakin Taira suka amsa da nasu.Yaƙi mai zafi ya biyo baya, sufaye da samurai suka harba kibau ta hazo a juna.Sojoji daga abokan Taira, Ashikaga, sun matso kogin suka matsa harin.Yarima Mochihito ya yi kokarin tserewa zuwa Nara a cikin rudani, amma Taira ta kama shi kuma ya kashe shi.Sufaye Nara suna tafiya zuwa Byodo-in sun ji cewa sun makara don taimakawa Minamoto, kuma suka juya baya.Shi kuwa Minamoto Yorimasa, ya yi seppuku na gargajiya na farko a tarihi, inda ya rubuta waƙar mutuwa a kan mai son yaƙinsa, sannan ya yanke cikinsa.Yaƙin farko na Uji ya shahara kuma yana da mahimmanci don buɗe yakin Genpei.

Da alama tawayen Minamoto kuma ta haka ne yakin Genpei ya zo ƙarshen ba zato ba tsammani.A cikin ramuwar gayya, Taira ta kori kuma ta kona gidajen ibada da suka ba da taimako ga Minamoto.Sufaye sun haƙa ramuka a cikin tituna, kuma sun gina nau'ikan kariya da yawa.Sun yi yaƙi da farko da baka & kibiya, da naginata, yayin da Taira ke kan doki, abin da ya ba su babbar fa'ida.Duk da lambobi mafi girma na sufaye, da dabarun tsaro.An kashe kusan dubunnan sufaye kuma an kona kowane haikali a birnin, ciki har da Kōfuku-ji da Tōdai-ji.Shosoin ne kawai ya tsira.

A wannan lokacin ne Minamoto no Yoritomo ya karbi ragamar jagorancin dangin Minamoto kuma ya fara tafiya a cikin kasar don neman yin sulhu da abokansa.Ya bar lardin Izu ya nufi hanyar Hakone, Taira ta ci shi a yakin Ishibashiyama.Yoritomo ya tsere da ransa, inda ya gudu zuwa cikin daji tare da masu bin Taira a baya.Duk da haka ya samu nasarar zuwa lardunan Kai da Kōzuke, inda Takeda da sauran iyalai na abokantaka suka taimaka wajen fatattakar sojojin Taira.

Yoritomo ya kai garin Kamakura, wanda ke da yankin Minamoto mai kauri.Yin amfani da Kamakura a matsayin hedkwatarsa, Minamoto no Yoritomo ya aika da mashawarcinsa, Hōjō Tokimasa don shawo kan shugabannin yakin Takeda na Kai da Nitta na Kotsuke su bi umarnin Yoritomo yayin da yake tafiya a kan Taira.Yayin da Yoritomo ya ci gaba da ratsa yankin da ke ƙarƙashin Dutsen Fuji da kuma cikin lardin Suruga, ya shirya yin taro tare da dangin Takeda da sauran iyalai na lardunan Kai da Kōzuke a arewa.Waɗannan ƙawayen sun isa bayan sojojin Taira a cikin lokaci don tabbatar da nasarar Minamoto.

Taira no Kiyomori ya mutu daga rashin lafiya a cikin bazara na 1181 da dansa Taira no Tomomori ya gaje shi.A lokaci guda kuma,Japan ta fuskanci fari da ambaliya da suka lalatar da noman shinkafa da sha'ir a shekara ta 1180 da 1181. Yunwa da cututtuka sun lalata yankunan karkara;kimanin 100,000 sun mutu.

Minamoto no Yukiie ya samu galaba a hannun rundunar Taira no Shigehira a yakin Sunomatagawa.Duk da haka, "Taira ba za ta iya bin nasarar da suka samu ba."

Yaƙi ya sake farawa a watan Yuli na 1182, kuma Minamoto yana da sabon zakara mai suna Yoshinaka, ɗan uwan ​​Yoritomo, amma babban janar.Yoshinaka ya shiga yakin Genpei yana tara sojoji tare da mamaye lardin Echigo.Daga nan ya yi galaba a kan rundunar Taira da aka aiko domin kwantar da tarzoma.

Yoritomo ya ƙara damuwa game da burin ɗan uwansa.Ya aika da sojoji zuwa Shinano a kan Yoshinaka a cikin bazara na 1183, amma bangarorin biyu sun sami damar yin sulhu maimakon fada da juna.Sai Yoshinaka ya aika dansa zuwa Kamakura a matsayin garkuwa.Duk da haka, da ya ji kunya, Yoshinaka yanzu ya ƙudura ya doke Yoritomo zuwa Kyoto, ya doke Taira da kansa, kuma ya mallaki Minamoto da kansa.

Sojojin Taira sun dauki dakaru masu yawa, inda suka fito a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1183, amma ba su da tsari sosai har abincinsu ya kare kusan mil tara daga gabashin Kyoto.Jami’an sun umurci sojojin da su yi wa wawashe abinci a lokacin da suke wucewa daga lardunan su, wadanda ke fama da yunwa.Wannan ya sa jama'a suka fice.Yayin da suka shiga yankin Minamoto, Taira ta raba sojojin su gida biyu.Yoshinaka ya ci nasara da dabara mai wayo;a fake da dare sojojinsa suka lullube babban jirgin Taira, suna tada musu hankali da jerin abubuwan mamaki na dabara, suka mayar da rudanin da suka shiga cikin bala'i, gagarabadau.Wannan zai tabbatar da sauyin yanayi a Yaƙin Genpei tare da goyon bayan dangin Minamoto.

Taira ta ja da baya daga babban birnin kasar, inda suka tafi da yaron Sarkin sarakuna Antoku.Sojojin Yoshinaka sun shiga babban birnin kasar tare da sarki Go-Shirakawa da aka rufe.Ba da daɗewa ba Yoshinaka ya sami ƙiyayya da mutanen Kyoto, inda ya ƙyale sojojinsa su yi wa mutane fashi da fashi ba tare da la’akari da siyasarsu ba.

Minamoto no Yoshinaka ya aika da sojoji su tsallaka Tekun Ciki zuwa Yashima, amma Taira kusa da bakin tekun Mizushima (水島), wani ƙaramin tsibiri na Lardin Bitchu, kusa da Honshū ya kama su.Su Taira suka daure jiragensu wuri guda, suka sanya alluna a samansu don ya zama fili na fada.Yaƙin ya fara ne da maharba suna kwance ruwan kibau a kan kwale-kwalen Minamoto;lokacin da kwale-kwalen suka yi kusa, aka zare wukake da takuba, kuma bangarorin biyu suka yi artabu da hannu da hannu.A ƙarshe, Taira waɗanda suka kawo dawakai cikakkun kayan aikinsu a cikin jiragen ruwansu, sun yi iyo zuwa bakin teku tare da dawakinsu, suka fatattaki sauran mayaka na Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yukiie yayi ƙoƙari ya kasa mayar da asarar yaƙin Mizushima.Sojojin Taira sun kasu kashi biyar, kowannensu yana kai hari a jere, kuma suna sawa mutanen Yukie.Daga ƙarshe an kewaye Minamoto, an tilasta musu gudu.

Yoshinaka ya sake neman samun iko da dangin Minamoto ta hanyar shirya kai hari kan Yoritomo, yayin da yake bin Taira zuwa yamma.'Yan Taira sun yi nasarar fatattakar wani hari da sojojin da ke bin Yoshinaka suka kai a yakin Mizushima.Yoshinaka ya hada kai da Yukiie don kwace babban birnin kasar da kuma Sarkin sarakuna, watakila ma ya kafa sabuwar Kotu a arewa.Koyaya, Yukiie ya bayyana waɗannan tsare-tsare ga Sarkin sarakuna, wanda ya sanar da su Yoritomo.Yukiie ya ci amanar Yoshinaka, Yoshinaka ya ɗauki umurnin Kyoto kuma, a farkon 1184, ya ƙone Hōjūjidono, yana ɗauke da Sarkin sarakuna a tsare.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune ya iso nan ba da jimawa ba tare da ɗan'uwansa Noriyori da wani gagarumin ƙarfi, yana tuƙi Yoshinaka daga birnin.Wannan wani abin ban mamaki ne na koma bayan Yaƙin Uji na farko, shekaru huɗu kacal da suka wuce.Matar Yoshinaka, shahararriyar mace samurai Tomoe Gozen, an ce ta tsere bayan ta dauki kai a matsayin ganima.

Minamoto no Yoshinaka ya tsaya na karshe a Awazu, bayan ya gudu daga rundunar 'yan uwansa.Da dare ya zo, kuma sojojin abokan gaba da yawa suka bi shi, ya yi ƙoƙari ya sami wuri a keɓe don ya kashe kansa.Sai dai labarin ya ce dokin nasa ya makale a cikin wani fili da daskarewar laka kuma makiyansa sun iya tunkararsa suka kashe shi.

Kimanin Taira 3000 ne suka tsere zuwa Yashima, yayin da aka kashe Tadanori, aka kama Shigehira.Ichi-no-Tani yana daya daga cikin shahararrun fadace-fadace na Yakin Genpei, a babban bangare saboda fadace-fadacen da aka yi a nan.Benkei, mai yiwuwa ya fi shahara a cikin dukan mayaƙan sufaye, ya yi yaƙi tare da Minamoto Yoshitsune a nan, kuma da yawa daga cikin manyan mayaƙan Taira da ƙarfi sun halarta.

Yayin da sojojin Minamoto na hadin gwiwa suka bar Kyoto, Taira sun fara karfafa matsayinsu a wurare da dama a ciki da wajen Tekun Inland, wanda shine yankin kakanninsu.Bayan isa Tsubaki Bay, a lardin Awa.Daga nan sai Yoshitsune ya ci gaba zuwa lardin Sanuki cikin dare ya isa bakin ruwa tare da fadar sarki a Yashima, da gidaje a Mure da Takamatsu.'Yan Taira suna sa ran kai hari na ruwa, don haka Yoshitsune ya kunna wuta a Shikoku, da gaske a bayansu, yana yaudarar Taira da yarda cewa babban runduna na gabatowa a kasa.Sun yi watsi da fadarsu, suka tafi da jiragen ruwansu, tare da Sarkin sarakuna Antoku da sarakunan sarki.Yawancin jiragen Taira sun tsere zuwa Dan-no-ura.Minamoto sun yi nasara kuma da yawa daga cikin dangi sun ba su goyon baya kuma wadatar jiragen ruwa ma ya karu.

Farkon yakin dai ya kunshi musayar harbe-harbe mai dogon zango, kafin Taira ta dauki matakin, inda ta yi amfani da magudanar ruwa wajen kokarin kewaye jiragen ruwan abokan gaba.Sun yi yaƙi da Minamoto, kuma maharba daga nesa daga ƙarshe ta ba da damar yin yaƙi da takuba da wuƙaƙe bayan da ma'aikatan jirgin suka shiga juna.Koyaya, igiyar ruwa ta canza, kuma an ba da fa'ida ga Minamoto.Daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka baiwa Minamoto damar cin nasara a yakin shine, wani Janar din Taira, Taguchi Shigeyoshi, ya sauya sheka ya kai wa Taira hari daga baya.Ya kuma bayyana wa Minamoto jirgin da Sarkin sarakuna Antoku mai shekaru shida ke ciki.Maharbansu sun mayar da hankalinsu ga maharba da mahaya jirgin ruwa na Sarkin sarakuna, da sauran rundunar abokan gābansu, suna korar jiragensu daga kan hanya.Da yawa daga cikin ’yan Taira sun ga yakin ya juya akansu suka kashe kansu.

Mahimmin Bincike:Rashin nasarar da sojojin Taira suka yi na nufin kawo karshen Taira "mallaka a babban birnin kasar".Minamoto Yoritomo ya kafa bakufu na farko kuma ya yi mulki a matsayin shogun na farko na Japan daga babban birninsa a Kamakura.Wannan shi ne mafarin wata ƙasa mai fafutuka a Japan, mai iko na gaske a Kamakura.Yunƙurin zuwa ikon mayaƙi aji (samurai) da kuma a hankali murƙushe ikon da sarki - Wannan yaki da sakamakonsa ya kafa ja da fari, launuka na Taira da Minamoto matsayin, bi da bi, kamar yadda Japan ta kasa launuka.