American forces, led by General Andrew Jackson, found themselves pitted against a coalition of British and Spanish forces, supported by Creek Indians and African-American slaves allied with the British.^[49] The focal point of the battle was the city of Pensacola in Spanish Florida.

General Jackson and his infantry launched an assault on the British and Spanish-controlled city, resulting in the eventual abandonment of Pensacola by the allied forces. In the aftermath, the remaining Spanish troops surrendered to Jackson. Notably, this battle took place within the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Spain, which was displeased by the swift withdrawal of the British forces. As a result, Britain's naval squadron, consisting of five warships, also departed from the city.^[50]

The Battle of Pensacola marked a critical moment in the Creek War and the broader War of 1812. Jackson's victory not only secured American control over the region but also underscored the complexity of alliances and territorial disputes during this period, involving the United States, Britain, Spain, Creek Indians, and even African-American slaves who sought freedom by siding with the British.