Key Findings:

• The Rashidun Caliphate is characterized by a twenty-five-year period of rapid;military expansion;followed by a five-year period of;internal strife.
• The caliphate had subjugated the Levant to the Transcaucasus in the north; North Africa from Egypt to present-day Tunisia in the west; and the Iranian Plateau to parts of Central Asia and South Asia in the east.;
• The Rashidun were also;responsible for the adoption of an Islamic calendar.
• The judicial administration, like the rest of the administrative structure of the Rashidun Caliphate, was set up by Umar, and it remained basically unchanged throughout the duration of the Caliphate.
• Social welfare and pensions were introduced in early Islamic law as forms of zakāt (charity), one of the Five Pillars of Islam, since the time of Umar.
• After consulting the Companions, Umar decided to establish the Bait-ul-Maal (central Treasury) at Medina.
• During the caliphate of Umar, many new cities were founded. These included Kufa, Basra, and Fustat.
• The Rashidun were also responsible for the establishment of an;authoritative;reading of the;Qurʾān, which strengthened the Muslim community and encouraged religious scholarship.;