After the Turkish failure to take Vienna in 1683, Russia joined Austria, Poland, and the Republic of Venice in the Holy League (1684) to drive the Turks southward. Russia and Poland signed the Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686. There were three campaigns north of the Black Sea. During the war, the Russian army organized the Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 both which ended in Russian defeats.^[32] Despite these setbacks, Russia launched the Azov campaigns in 1695 and 1696, and after raising the siege in 1695^[33] successfully occupied Azov in 1696.^[34]

In light of preparations for the war against the Swedish Empire, Russian Tsar Peter the Great signed the Treaty of Karlowitz with the Ottoman Empire in 1699. The subsequent Treaty of Constantinople in 1700, ceded Azov, the Taganrog fortress, Pavlovsk and Mius to Russia and established a Russian ambassador in Constantinople, and secured the return of all prisoners of war. The Tsar also affirmed that his subordinates, the Cossacks, would not attack the Ottomans, while the Sultan affirmed his subordinates, the Crimean Tatars, would not attack the Russians.