The Ramadan Revolution, occurring on February 8, 1963, was a pivotal event in Iraqi history, marking the overthrow of the then-ruling Qasim government by the Ba'ath Party. The revolution took place during the holy month of Ramadan, hence its name.

Abdul Karim Qasim, who had been Prime Minister since the 1958 coup, was overthrown by a coalition of Ba'athists, Nasserists, and other pan-Arab groups. This coalition was dissatisfied with Qasim's leadership, particularly his non-alignment policy and failure to join the United Arab Republic, a political union between Egypt and Syria.

The Ba'ath Party, along with its allies, orchestrated the coup. Key figures included Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Abdul Salam Arif. The coup was marked by considerable violence, with a significant number of casualties, including Qasim himself, who was captured and executed shortly after.

Following the coup, the Ba'ath Party established a Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) to govern Iraq. Abdul Salam Arif was appointed President, while al-Bakr became Prime Minister. However, internal power struggles soon emerged within the new government, leading to a further coup in November 1963. This coup ousted the Ba'ath Party from power, although they would return to power in 1968.

The Ramadan Revolution significantly impacted Iraq's political landscape. It marked the first time the Ba'ath Party gained power in Iraq, setting the stage for their future dominance, including the rise of Saddam Hussein. It also intensified Iraq's participation in pan-Arab politics and was a precursor to the series of coups and internal conflicts that would characterize Iraqi politics for decades.