Louis XIV, born on 5 September 1638, ascended to the throne of France in 1643 at the age of four, following the death of his father, Louis XIII. His mother, Anne of Austria, served as regent, supported by Cardinal Mazarin, who managed state affairs until Louis began his personal rule in 1661. Louis XIV's reign lasted 72 years, making it the longest of any monarch in history. He is often referred to as the Sun King, a title that reflects his belief in the divine right of kings and his central role in French politics and culture.During his reign, Louis XIV sought to centralize power and diminish the influence of the nobility. He compelled many nobles to reside at the Palace of Versailles, which he transformed into a symbol of royal authority and opulence. This strategy helped pacify the aristocracy, many of whom had participated in the Fronde rebellions during his childhood. Louis XIV also enforced religious uniformity by revoking the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which led to the persecution of Huguenots and the emigration of many Protestants from France.Louis XIV's foreign policy was characterized by military conflict, as he aimed to expand French territory and influence. His reign included several major wars, such as the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. These conflicts were driven by his ambition for glory and power, but they also strained France's resources and left the kingdom in significant debt by the time of his death in 1715.In addition to military endeavors, Louis XIV made notable contributions to the arts and sciences. He patronized prominent figures such as playwright Molière and composer Lully, fostering a cultural environment that defined the French Baroque style. He also established the French Academy of Sciences and oversaw the construction of the Canal du Midi, enhancing France's infrastructure.Louis XIV was married to Maria Theresa of Spain, with whom he had six children, though only one survived to adulthood. He also had numerous mistresses, which was a source of both scandal and intrigue at court. His second wife, Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, was a significant influence on his later years, particularly in matters of faith and governance.Louis XIV's health declined in his later years, and he suffered from various ailments. He died on 1 September 1715, shortly before his 77th birthday. His death marked the end of an era characterized by absolute monarchy and significant cultural achievements, leaving a complex legacy that would influence France and Europe for generations to come.