The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the dynasty of Heraclius between 610 and 711. The Heraclians presided over a period of cataclysmic events that were a watershed in the history of the Empire and the world. At the beginning of the dynasty, the Empire's culture was still essentially Ancient Roman, dominating the Mediterranean and harbouring a prosperous Late Antique urban civilization. This world was shattered by successive invasions, which resulted in extensive territorial losses, financial collapse and plagues that depopulated the cities, while religious controversies and rebellions further weakened the Empire. By the dynasty's end, the Empire had evolved a different state structure: now known in historiography as medieval Byzantium, a chiefly agrarian, military-dominated society that was engaged in a lengthy struggle with the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/Rashidun-Caliphate" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Muslim Caliphate</a>. However, the Empire during this period was also far more homogeneous, being reduced to its mostly Greek-speaking and firmly Chalcedonian core territories, which enabled it to weather these storms and enter a period of stability under the successor <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/Byzantine-Empire-Isaurian-dynasty" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Isaurian Dynasty</a>. Nevertheless, the state survived and the establishment of the Theme system allowed the imperial heartland of Asia Minor to be retained. Under Justinian II and Tiberios III the imperial frontier in the East was stabilized, although incursions continued on both sides. The latter 7th century also saw the first conflicts with the Bulgars and the establishment of a <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Bulgaria" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bulgarian</a> state in formerly Byzantine lands south of the Danube, which would be the Empire's chief antagonist in the West until the 12th century.

Visual Timelines

Dola ya Byzantine: Nasaba ya Heracal Rekodi ya matukio

Dola ya Byzantine: Nasaba ya Heracal Rekodi ya matukio

Dibaji

Vita vya Byzantine-Sasanian

Kupanda kwa Heraclius

Heraclius anakuwa Mfalme wa Byzantine

Heraclius hufanya Kigiriki kuwa lugha rasmi ya Dola

Ushindi wa Kiajemi kwenye Vita vya Antiokia

Shahin uvamizi wa Asia Ndogo

Ushindi wa Wasasania wa Misri

Kampeni ya Heraclius ya 622

Tatizo la Byzantine na Avars

Kampeni ya Heraclius ya 624

Vita vya Sarus

Muungano wa Byzantine-Turkic

Kuzingirwa kwa Constantinople

Mwisho wa Vita vya Byzantine-Sassanid

Ushindi wa Waislamu wa Levant

Vita vya Ajnadayn

Kuzingirwa kwa Damasko

Vita vya Fahl

Vita vya Yarmuk

Waislamu Wateka Kaskazini mwa Syria

Ushindi wa Waislamu wa Misri ya Byzantine

Vita vya Heliopolis

Constans II na Migogoro ya Kidini

Utawala wa Constans II

Ubalozi wa nasaba ya Tang China

Byzantines kupoteza Alexandria

Waislamu washambulia Exarchate ya Afrika

Aina za Mara kwa Mara

Vita vya Masts

Maporomoko ya Cyprus, Krete na Rhodes

Jina la kwanza Fitna

Constans anahamia Magharibi

Umayyad wakamata Chalcedon

Mgogoro wa Ndani na Kuibuka kwa Bani Umayya

Utawala wa Constantine IV

Umayyad kuteka tena Afrika Kaskazini

Kuzingirwa kwa Kwanza kwa Waarabu kwa Constantinople

Kuzingirwa kwa Thesalonike

Muawiyah anadai amani

Baraza la Tatu la Constantinople

Bulgars kuvamia Balkan

Utawala wa kwanza wa Justinian II

Strategos Leontius anafanya kampeni kwa mafanikio nchini Armenia

Justinian II anawashinda Wabulgaria wa Makedonia

Kuanzishwa upya kwa vita na Bani Umayya

Justinian II aliondolewa na kufukuzwa

Msafara wa Carthage

Utawala wa Tiberio III

Maasi ya Waarmenia dhidi ya Bani Umayya

Utawala wa Pili wa Justinian II

Kushindwa na Wabulgaria

Kilikia inaangukia kwa Bani Umayya

Mwisho wa Nasaba ya Heracal

Tembelea Duka

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