In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sweden underwent significant political and economic modernization, which transformed the country into a more democratic and industrialized nation.
Political Modernization
In 1866, Sweden abolished the centuries-old Riksdag of the Estates, which had represented the four social classes (nobility, clergy, burghers, and peasants). In its place, Sweden introduced a modern, bicameral parliamentary system, consisting of two houses, marking a crucial step toward a more democratic governance structure. This reform was aimed at creating a more representative and efficient political system, better suited to address the country's emerging social and economic challenges.
In the early 20th century, political reforms continued with the implementation of universal male suffrage in 1909, significantly expanding the electorate and giving more citizens a voice in the political process. This paved the way for further democratic reforms, including the eventual extension of suffrage to women in 1921.
Economic Modernization
At the same time, Sweden experienced rapid industrialization, transitioning from a primarily agrarian society to a modern, industrial economy. Key industries such as steel, timber, and engineering grew, and urbanization accelerated as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work. This industrial transformation laid the foundation for Sweden’s future prosperity and set the stage for the development of its modern welfare state.