In 2015, during the European migration crisis, Sweden emerged as one of the most significant destinations for refugees and migrants, largely due to its long-standing reputation for humanitarianism and liberal asylum policies. The country, with a population of about 10 million, received a record number of asylum applications—approximately 163,000 people, primarily from war-torn countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq.
Sweden's historical commitment to providing refuge for those fleeing conflict dates back to its neutral stance in World War II and its humanitarian policies during conflicts in the Balkans and the Middle East. However, the sheer scale of the 2015 migration crisis put considerable strain on Sweden’s welfare system, housing, and integration programs. The surge led to growing debates about immigration, national identity, and social cohesion within Swedish society.
While Sweden continued to uphold its humanitarian principles, the government was forced to tighten asylum policies in late 2015, introducing border controls and limiting family reunifications, which marked a shift in Sweden's traditionally open migration stance. This period also saw a rise in support for anti-immigration political parties, particularly the Sweden Democrats, reflecting the social and political challenges brought on by the migration crisis. In the context of Swedish history, the 2015 migration crisis represented a significant test of its Folkhemmet ideals of inclusivity and social welfare, as well as its role as a leader in humanitarian efforts globally.