The 1960s were a period of modernization and social reform in Norway. The completion of the Nordland Line to Bodø in 1962 marked the end of new railway construction, while the Oslo Metro partially opened in 1966, further improving infrastructure. Norway also developed a robust social security system, with child allowances introduced in 1946 and the Social Care Act enacted in 1964.
Heavy industry thrived, making Norway Europe's largest exporter of aluminum and the world’s leader in ferroalloys. Educational advancements saw the founding of the University of Trondheim and University of Tromsø in 1968, followed by a network of regional colleges.
Youth rebellion, influenced by international trends, began challenging cultural norms, while environmental activism emerged, partly in response to hydroelectric projects and dwindling natural resources. This led to the creation of Rondane National Park in 1962 and the establishment of the world's first Ministry of the Environment in 1972.
Regional airports were built across Western and Northern Norway during the late 1960s and early 1970s, improving connectivity. In 1972, Norway voted against joining the European Economic Community (EEC), reflecting its careful approach to international integration.