The "Burmese Way to Socialism" was an economic and political program initiated in Burma (now Myanmar) after the 1962 coup led by General Ne Win. The plan aimed to transform Burma into a socialist state, combining elements of Buddhism and Marxism.^[81] Under this program, the Revolutionary Council nationalized the economy, taking over key industries, banks, and foreign businesses. Private enterprises were replaced by state-owned entities or cooperative ventures. This policy essentially cut Burma off from international trade and foreign investment, pushing the country towards self-reliance.

The results of implementing the Burmese Way to Socialism were disastrous for the country.^[82] The nationalization efforts led to inefficiencies, corruption, and economic stagnation. Foreign exchange reserves dwindled, and the country faced severe food and fuel shortages. As the economy tanked, black markets flourished, and the general population faced extreme poverty. Isolation from the global community led to technological backwardness and further decay of infrastructure.

The policy had profound socio-political implications as well. It facilitated decades of authoritarian rule under the military, suppressing political opposition and stifling civil liberties. The government imposed strict censorship and promoted a form of nationalism that left many ethnic minorities feeling marginalized. Despite its aspirations for egalitarianism and development, the Burmese Way to Socialism left the country impoverished and isolated, and it significantly contributed to the complex web of social and economic issues Myanmar faces today.