History of Georgia
Kingdom of the Iberians

The Kingdom of the Iberians, established around 888 CE under the Bagrationi dynasty, emerged in the historical region of Tao-Klarjeti, which spans parts of modern southwestern Georgia and northeastern Turkey. This kingdom succeeded the Principality of Iberia, reflecting a shift from a principality to a more centralized monarchy within the region.
The area of Tao-Klarjeti was strategically significant, nestled between the great empires of the East and the West and traversed by a branch of the Silk Road. This location subjected it to diverse cultural and political influences. The landscape, characterized by the rugged terrain of the Arsiani Mountains and river systems like the Çoruh and the Kura, played a crucial role in the defense and development of the kingdom.
In 813, Ashot I of the Bagrationi dynasty solidified his power in Klarjeti, restoring the historic fortress of Artanuji and receiving recognition and protection from the Byzantine Empire. As the presiding prince and curopalates of Iberia, Ashot I actively combated Arab influence, reclaiming territories and promoting the resettlement of Georgians. His efforts helped transform Tao-Klarjeti into a cultural and religious center, shifting the political and spiritual focus of Iberia from its central regions to the southwest.
The death of Ashot I led to the division of his territories among his sons, setting the stage for both internal strife and further territorial expansion. This period saw the Bagrationi princes navigating complex alliances and conflicts with neighboring Arab emirs and Byzantine authorities, as well as managing dynastic disputes that influenced the political landscape of the region.
By the late 10th century, the kingdom had expanded significantly under the leadership of various Bagrationi rulers. The unification of Georgian lands was largely realized by 1008 under Bagrat III, who effectively centralized governance and reduced the autonomy of local dynastic princes. This unification marked the culmination of a series of strategic expansions and political consolidations that enhanced the power and stability of the Georgian state, setting a precedent for future developments in the region's history.