Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189-1192) was a military campaign launched by European leaders to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control, particularly Jerusalem, which had been captured by Saladin in 1187. Led by notable figures such as Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire, the crusaders achieved some successes, including the capture of the key coastal city of Acre. Despite these victories, the crusade failed to recapture Jerusalem, ultimately ending in a treaty between Richard and Saladin that allowed Christian pilgrims access to the holy city while it remained under Muslim control.