History of Taiwan

Fine dell'influenza olandese a Taiwan

1661 Mar 30 - 1662 Feb 1 Fort Zeelandia, Guosheng Road, Anping District, Ta
Fine dell'influenza olandese a Taiwan
The surrender of Fort Zeelandia. © Jan van Baden

L'assedio di Fort Zeelandia (1661-1662) segnò un momento fondamentale nella storia di Taiwan, ponendo fine al dominio della compagnia dell'India orientale olandese e inaugurando il dominio del Regno di Tungning. Gli olandesi avevano stabilito la loro presenza a Taiwan, in particolare a Fort Zeelandia e Fort Prorintia. Tuttavia, a metà degli anni '60, Koxinga, un lealista di Ming , vide l'importanza strategica di Taiwan. Armato di conoscenze dettagliate da un disertore e in possesso di una formidabile flotta e esercito, Koxinga ha lanciato un'invasione. Nonostante la resistenza iniziale, gli olandesi furono superati e superati. Dopo un assedio prolungato, le forniture in diminuzione e nessuna speranza di rinforzi, gli olandesi, guidati dal governatore Federick Coyett, si arrese a Fort Zeelandia a Koxinga.

Entrambe le parti hanno impiegato tattiche brutali durante il conflitto. I cinesi catturarono molti prigionieri olandesi e, a seguito di falliti tentativi di negoziazione, ne eseguirono diversi, tra cui il missionario Antonius Hambroek. Le donne e i bambini olandesi sono stati schiavizzati, con alcune donne costrette a concubinare. Gli olandesi hanno anche avuto scontri con le comunità indigene taiwanesi locali, che in varie occasioni si sono alleate sia olandesi che con i cinesi.

A seguito dell'assedio, gli olandesi hanno tentato di recuperare i loro territori perduti ma hanno affrontato sfide continue. Hanno formato un'alleanza con la dinastia Qing contro le forze di Zheng, causando sporadiche battaglie navali. Nel 1668, la resistenza agli aborigeni e le sfide strategiche costrinsero gli olandesi ad abbandonare la loro ultima roccaforte a Keelung, segnando la loro completa uscita da Taiwan. Tuttavia, le scaramucce navali tra i successori olandesi e Koxinga continuarono, con gli olandesi che soffrono di ulteriori sconfitte.

Kingdom of Tungning
Sinicization
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History of Taiwan

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