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History of France

Dinastia merovingia

481 Jan 1 France
Dinastia merovingia
The Last of the Merovingians. © Évariste Vital Luminais

I successori di Chlodio sono figure oscure, ma ciò che può essere certa è che i bambini I, forse suo nipote, hanno governato un regno Salian di Tournai come Fooderatus dei Romani. Childeric è principalmente importante per la storia per aver lasciato cadere i Franchi a suo figlio Clovis, che iniziò uno sforzo per estendere la sua autorità sulle altre tribù franco e per espandere il loro territorio a sud e ovest nella Gallia. Clovis si convertì al cristianesimo e si mise in buoni rapporti con la potente chiesa e con i suoi soggetti gallo-romani.

Le divisioni politiche della Gallia all'inizio della carriera di Clovis (481). © Paul Vidal de la Blache

In un regno di trent'anni (481–511) Clovis sconfisse il generale romano Syagrius e conquistò il regno di Soissons, sconfisse l'Alemanni (Battaglia di Tolbia, 496) e stabilì un'egemonia franca su di loro. Clovis sconfisse i Visigoti (Battaglia di Vouillé, 507) e conquistò tutto il loro territorio a nord dei Pirenei, salvava la settimania e conquistò i bretoni (secondo Gregory of Tours) e li fece vassali della Francia. Conquistò la maggior parte o tutte le vicine tribù Frankish lungo il Reno e le incorporarono nel suo regno.

Incorporava anche i vari insediamenti militari romani (Laeti) sparsi sulla Gallia: i Sassoni di Bessin, i britannici e gli Alans di Armorica e la valle della Loira o i Taifali di Poitou per citarne alcuni importanti. Alla fine della sua vita, Clovis governò tutta la Gallia salvava la provincia gotica di Septimania e il Regno Burgundio nel sud -est.

La divisione del Regno Frankish sulla morte di Clovis (511). © Paul Vidal de la Blache

I merovingiani erano una monarchia ereditaria. I re franchi hanno aderito alla pratica dell'eredità partibile: dividere le loro terre tra i loro figli. Anche quando hanno governato più re merovingiani, il regno - non a differenza del tardo impero romano - è stato concepito come un singolo regno governato collettivamente da diversi re e la svolta degli eventi potrebbe comportare la riunificazione dell'intero regno sotto un singolo re. I re merovingiani governati dalla destra divina e dalla loro regalità erano simboleggiati quotidianamente dai loro lunghi capelli e inizialmente dalla loro acclamazione, che fu condotta sollevando il re su uno scudo in conformità con l'antica pratica germanica di eleggere un leader di guerra in un'assemblea dei guerrieri.

Frankish Kingdoms
Mayors of the palace
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  • See also: Economic history of France § Further reading, and Annales School
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