Dark Mode

AboutBlogDonateFeedbackPrivacySchoolsTermsVideos

© 2025 HM

Balkan Wars

La marina greca sconfigge la marina ottomana

1912 Dec 16 Dardanelles Strait, Türkiye
La marina greca sconfigge la marina ottomana
La marina greca sconfigge la marina ottomana © Vasileios Hatzis

Dall'inizio della guerra, la Marina ellenica ha agito in modo aggressivo, mentre la Marina ottomana è rimasta nelle Dardanelle. L'ammiraglio Kountouriotis sbarcò a Lemnos, mentre la flotta greca liberava una serie di isole. Il 6 novembre, Kountouriotis ha inviato un telegramma all'ammiraglio ottomano: "Abbiamo catturato Tenedos. Aspettiamo l'uscita della tua flotta. Se hai bisogno di carbone, posso fornirti. " Il 16 dicembre, la flotta ottomana lasciò i Dardanelli.

La Royal Hellenic Navy, guidata dall'ammiraglio Pavlos Kountouriotis a bordo della media di punta, sconfisse la marina ottomana, guidata dal capitano Ramiz Bey, appena fuori dall'ingresso dei Dardanelles (Elenza). Durante la battaglia, Kountouriotis, frustrato dalla lenta velocità delle tre vecchie navi da battaglie greche Hydra, Spetsai e Psara, issarono la bandiera Z che rappresentava "azione indipendente" e salpò da solo a una velocità di 20 nodi, contro la flotta ottomica. Approfittando appieno la sua velocità, pistole e armature superiori, la media riuscì a attraversare la "T" della flotta ottomana e concentrò il suo fuoco contro il flagship ottomano Barbaros Hayreddin, costringendo così la flotta ottomana a ritirarsi nel disordine. La flotta greca, tra cui i cacciatorpediniere Aetos, Ierax e Panthir, continuarono a perseguire la flotta ottomana tra le date del 13 e del 26 dicembre 1912.

Questa vittoria è stata abbastanza significativa in quanto la Marina ottomana si ritirò all'interno dello Stretto e lasciò il Mar Egeo ai Greci che erano ora liberi di liberare le isole di Lesbo, Chios, Lemnos e Samos e altri. Ha inoltre impedito qualsiasi trasferimento di rinforzi di truppe ottomani per mare e ha effettivamente ottenuto la sconfitta ottomana sulla terra.

Greece takes Lesbos
Albania declares Independence
Show in Timeline

Balkan Wars

References

Bibliography

  • Clark, Christopher (2013). 'Balkan Entanglements'. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
  • Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.
  • Fotakis, Zisis (2005). Greek Naval Strategy and Policy, 1910–1919. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35014-3.
  • Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.
  • Helmreich, Ernst Christian (1938). The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674209008.
  • Hooton, Edward R. (2014). Prelude to the First World War: The Balkan Wars 1912–1913. Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-78155-180-6.
  • Langensiepen, Bernd; Güleryüz, Ahmet (1995). The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923. London: Conway Maritime Press/Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-85177-610-8.
  • Mazower, Mark (2005). Salonica, City of Ghosts. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0375727388.
  • Michail, Eugene. 'The Balkan Wars in Western Historiography, 1912–2012.' in Katrin Boeckh and Sabine Rutar, eds. The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2016) pp. 319–340. online[dead link]
  • Murray, Nicholas (2013). The Rocky Road to the Great War: the Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914. Dulles, Virginia, Potomac Books ISBN 978-1-59797-553-7
  • Pettifer, James. War in the Balkans: Conflict and Diplomacy Before World War I (IB Tauris, 2015).
  • Ratković, Borislav (1975). Prvi balkanski rat 1912–1913: Operacije srpskih snaga [First Balkan War 1912–1913: Operations of Serbian Forces]. Istorijski institut JNA. Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski Institut.
  • Schurman, Jacob Gould (2004). The Balkan Wars, 1912 to 1913. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger. ISBN 1-4191-5345-5.
  • Seton-Watson, R. W. (2009) [1917]. The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-113-88264-6.
  • Stavrianos, Leften Stavros (2000). The BALKANS since 1453. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9766-2. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  • Stojančević, Vladimir (1991). Prvi balkanski rat: okrugli sto povodom 75. godišnjice 1912–1987, 28. i 29. oktobar 1987. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788670251427.
  • Trix, Frances. 'Peace-mongering in 1913: the Carnegie International Commission of Inquiry and its Report on the Balkan Wars.' First World War Studies 5.2 (2014): 147–162.
  • Uyar, Mesut; Erickson, Edward (2009). A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International. ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0.


Further Reading

  • Antić, Čedomir. Ralph Paget: a diplomat in Serbia (Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006) online free.
  • Army History Directorate (Greece) (1998). A concise history of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Army History Directorate. ISBN 978-960-7897-07-7.
  • Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. ISBN 9782825119587.
  • Bobroff, Ronald. (2000) 'Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912–13.' Russian Review 59.1 (2000): 76–95 online[dead link]
  • Boeckh, Katrin, and Sabine Rutar. eds. (2020) The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13 (2020)
  • Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabina (2017). The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-44641-7.
  • Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
  • Crampton, R. J. (1980). The hollow detente: Anglo-German relations in the Balkans, 1911–1914. G. Prior. ISBN 978-0-391-02159-4.
  • Dakin, Douglas. (1962) 'The diplomacy of the Great Powers and the Balkan States, 1908-1914.' Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 327–374. online
  • Farrar Jr, Lancelot L. (2003) 'Aggression versus apathy: the limits of nationalism during the Balkan wars, 1912-1913.' East European Quarterly 37.3 (2003): 257.
  • Ginio, Eyal. The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and their Aftermath (Oxford UP, 2016) 377 pp. online review
  • Hall, Richard C. ed. War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia (2014)
  • Howard, Harry N. 'The Balkan Wars in perspective: their significance for Turkey.' Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 267–276 online.
  • Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521274593.
  • Király, Béla K.; Rothenberg, Gunther E. (1987). War and Society in East Central Europe: East Central European Society and the Balkan Wars. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-099-2.
  • MacMillan, Margaret (2013). 'The First Balkan Wars'. The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-9470-4.
  • Meyer, Alfred (1913). Der Balkankrieg, 1912-13: Unter Benutzung zuverlässiger Quellen kulturgeschichtlich und militärisch dargestellt. Vossische Buchhandlung.
  • Rossos, Andrew (1981). Russia and the Balkans: inter-Balkan rivalries and Russian foreign policy, 1908–1914. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802055163.
  • Rudić, Srđan; Milkić, Miljan (2013). Balkanski ratovi 1912–1913: Nova viđenja i tumačenja [The Balkan Wars 1912/1913: New Views and Interpretations]. Istorijski institut, Institut za strategijska istrazivanja. ISBN 978-86-7743-103-7.
  • Schurman, Jacob Gould (1914). The Balkan Wars 1912–1913 (1st ed.). Princeton University.

© 2025

HistoryMaps