
La battaglia di Bizani fu combattuta tra le forze greche e ottomane durante le ultime fasi della prima guerra balcanica e ruotò attorno ai forti di Bizani, che copriva gli approcci a Ioannina, la più grande città della regione.
Allo scoppio della guerra, l'esercito ellenico sul fronte dell'Epiro non aveva il numero per avviare un'offensiva contro le posizioni difensive progettate tedesche a Bizani. Tuttavia, dopo che la campagna in Macedonia era finita, molte truppe greche furono ridistribuite su Epiro, dove lo stesso Principe Crown Costantino assunse il comando. Nella battaglia che seguirono le posizioni ottomane furono violate e Ioannina prese. Nonostante avesse un leggero vantaggio numerico, questo non era il fattore decisivo nella vittoria greca. Piuttosto, la "solida pianificazione operativa" dei Greci è stata la chiave in quanto li ha aiutati a implementare un assalto ben coordinato e eseguito che non ha permesso alle forze ottomane di reagire. [59] Inoltre, il bombardamento delle posizioni ottomane è stato il più pesante nella storia mondiale fino a quel momento. [60] La resa di Ioannina ha garantito il controllo greco dell'Epiro meridionale e della costa ionica. Allo stesso tempo, è stato negato allo stato albanese appena formato, per il quale avrebbe potuto fornire un punto di ancoraggio meridionale paragonabile a Shkodër nel nord.
Balkan Wars
References
Bibliography
- Clark, Christopher (2013). 'Balkan Entanglements'. The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-219922-5.
- Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.
- Fotakis, Zisis (2005). Greek Naval Strategy and Policy, 1910–1919. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-35014-3.
- Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.
- Helmreich, Ernst Christian (1938). The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674209008.
- Hooton, Edward R. (2014). Prelude to the First World War: The Balkan Wars 1912–1913. Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-78155-180-6.
- Langensiepen, Bernd; Güleryüz, Ahmet (1995). The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828–1923. London: Conway Maritime Press/Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-85177-610-8.
- Mazower, Mark (2005). Salonica, City of Ghosts. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0375727388.
- Michail, Eugene. 'The Balkan Wars in Western Historiography, 1912–2012.' in Katrin Boeckh and Sabine Rutar, eds. The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2016) pp. 319–340. online[dead link]
- Murray, Nicholas (2013). The Rocky Road to the Great War: the Evolution of Trench Warfare to 1914. Dulles, Virginia, Potomac Books ISBN 978-1-59797-553-7
- Pettifer, James. War in the Balkans: Conflict and Diplomacy Before World War I (IB Tauris, 2015).
- Ratković, Borislav (1975). Prvi balkanski rat 1912–1913: Operacije srpskih snaga [First Balkan War 1912–1913: Operations of Serbian Forces]. Istorijski institut JNA. Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski Institut.
- Schurman, Jacob Gould (2004). The Balkan Wars, 1912 to 1913. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger. ISBN 1-4191-5345-5.
- Seton-Watson, R. W. (2009) [1917]. The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-113-88264-6.
- Stavrianos, Leften Stavros (2000). The BALKANS since 1453. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9766-2. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
- Stojančević, Vladimir (1991). Prvi balkanski rat: okrugli sto povodom 75. godišnjice 1912–1987, 28. i 29. oktobar 1987. Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788670251427.
- Trix, Frances. 'Peace-mongering in 1913: the Carnegie International Commission of Inquiry and its Report on the Balkan Wars.' First World War Studies 5.2 (2014): 147–162.
- Uyar, Mesut; Erickson, Edward (2009). A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International. ISBN 978-0-275-98876-0.
Further Reading
- Antić, Čedomir. Ralph Paget: a diplomat in Serbia (Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2006) online free.
- Army History Directorate (Greece) (1998). A concise history of the Balkan Wars, 1912–1913. Army History Directorate. ISBN 978-960-7897-07-7.
- Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. ISBN 9782825119587.
- Bobroff, Ronald. (2000) 'Behind the Balkan Wars: Russian Policy toward Bulgaria and the Turkish Straits, 1912–13.' Russian Review 59.1 (2000): 76–95 online[dead link]
- Boeckh, Katrin, and Sabine Rutar. eds. (2020) The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912–13 (2020)
- Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabina (2017). The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-44641-7.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
- Crampton, R. J. (1980). The hollow detente: Anglo-German relations in the Balkans, 1911–1914. G. Prior. ISBN 978-0-391-02159-4.
- Dakin, Douglas. (1962) 'The diplomacy of the Great Powers and the Balkan States, 1908-1914.' Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 327–374. online
- Farrar Jr, Lancelot L. (2003) 'Aggression versus apathy: the limits of nationalism during the Balkan wars, 1912-1913.' East European Quarterly 37.3 (2003): 257.
- Ginio, Eyal. The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and their Aftermath (Oxford UP, 2016) 377 pp. online review
- Hall, Richard C. ed. War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia (2014)
- Howard, Harry N. 'The Balkan Wars in perspective: their significance for Turkey.' Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 267–276 online.
- Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521274593.
- Király, Béla K.; Rothenberg, Gunther E. (1987). War and Society in East Central Europe: East Central European Society and the Balkan Wars. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-099-2.
- MacMillan, Margaret (2013). 'The First Balkan Wars'. The War That Ended Peace: The Road to 1914. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-9470-4.
- Meyer, Alfred (1913). Der Balkankrieg, 1912-13: Unter Benutzung zuverlässiger Quellen kulturgeschichtlich und militärisch dargestellt. Vossische Buchhandlung.
- Rossos, Andrew (1981). Russia and the Balkans: inter-Balkan rivalries and Russian foreign policy, 1908–1914. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9780802055163.
- Rudić, Srđan; Milkić, Miljan (2013). Balkanski ratovi 1912–1913: Nova viđenja i tumačenja [The Balkan Wars 1912/1913: New Views and Interpretations]. Istorijski institut, Institut za strategijska istrazivanja. ISBN 978-86-7743-103-7.
- Schurman, Jacob Gould (1914). The Balkan Wars 1912–1913 (1st ed.). Princeton University.