The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Greece" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Greece</a>, Serbia, <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Montenegro" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Montenegro</a> and <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Bulgaria" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bulgaria</a> declared war upon the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-the-Ottoman-Empire" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ottoman Empire</a> and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of its European provinces, leaving only Eastern Thrace under the Ottoman Empire's control. In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought against the other four original combatants of the first war. It also faced an attack from <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/History-of-Romania" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Romania</a> from the north. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Although not involved as a combatant, Austria-Hungary became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples.[1] The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the <a href="https://history-maps.com/story/World-War-I" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">First World War</a>".[2] By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule. In 1912, these countries formed the Balkan League. The First Balkan War began on 8 October 1912, when the League member states attacked the Ottoman Empire, and ended eight months later with the signing of the Treaty of London on 30 May 1913. The Second Balkan War began on 16 June 1913, when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its loss of Macedonia, attacked its former Balkan League allies. The combined forces of Serbian and Greek armies, with their superior numbers repelled the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked Bulgaria by invading it from the west and the south. Romania, having taken no part in the conflict, had intact armies to strike with and invaded Bulgaria from the north in violation of a peace treaty between the two states. The Ottoman Empire also attacked Bulgaria and advanced in Thrace regaining Adrianople. In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest, Bulgaria managed to regain most of the territories it had gained in the First Balkan War. However, it was forced to cede the ex-Ottoman south part of Dobruja province to Romania.[3]

Visual Timelines

Balkankriege Zeitleiste

Balkankriege Zeitleiste

Vorspiel zum Krieg

Prolog

Perspektive der Großmächte

Verträge vor dem Balkankrieg

Albanischer Aufstand von 1912

Balkanliga

Die Situation des Osmanischen Reiches

Erster Balkankrieg

Der erste Balkankrieg beginnt

Schlacht von Kardschali

Schlacht von Kirk Kilisse

Schlacht von Pente Pigadia

Schlacht von Sarantaporo

Schlacht von Kumanovo

Belagerung von Skutari

Schlacht von Lule Burgas

Schlacht von Sorovich

Schlacht von Yenidje

Schlacht von Prilep

Belagerung von Adrianopel

Thessaloniki kapituliert vor Griechenland

Schlacht von Monastir

Erste Schlacht von Catalca

Himara-Aufstand

Österreich-Ungarn droht mit Krieg

Schlacht von Kaliakra

Griechenland nimmt Lesbos ein

Griechenland erobert Chios

Die Osmanen verlieren Westthrakien

Albanien erklärt seine Unabhängigkeit

Waffenstillstand, Putsch und Krieg beginnen von neuem

Die griechische Marine besiegt die osmanische Marine

Einnahme von Korytsa

Griechische Herrschaft über die Ägäis

Schlacht von Bulair

Osmanische Gegenoffensive

Schlacht von Bizani

Fall von Adrianopel

Der Erste Balkankrieg endet

Serbien-Griechische Allianz

Russische Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit

Zweiter Balkankrieg

Zusammenfassung des Zweiten Balkankrieges

Schlacht von Bregalnica

Schlacht von Kilkis–Lachanas

Schlacht bei Knjaževac

Rumänen fallen in Bulgarien ein

Siege of Vidin

Schlacht von Kalimanci

Osmanische Intervention

Schlacht in der Kresna-Schlucht

Vertrag von Bukarest

Vertrag von Konstantinopel

Epilog

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