Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign, a series of military expeditions undertaken in the early 3rd century CE, is a significant chapter in the history of the Three Kingdoms period in China. These campaigns, led by Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister and military strategist of the Shu Han state, were primarily aimed at subjugating the southern tribes and consolidating Shu Han's control over the region.

Following the death of Liu Bei, the founder of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang assumed a more prominent role in the state's administration and military affairs. Recognizing the strategic importance of securing Shu Han's southern borders, Zhuge Liang embarked on a series of campaigns against the Nanman tribes, who inhabited the regions of present-day southern China and northern Vietnam.

The Nanman tribes, known for their independence and resistance to external control, posed a continuous threat to the stability and security of Shu Han. Their control over the southern territories also hindered Shu Han's access to crucial resources and trade routes. Zhuge Liang's objective was to bring these tribes under Shu Han's influence, either through military conquest or diplomacy.

The Southern Campaigns are noted for the challenging terrain and climate of the region, which included dense jungles, mountainous areas, and harsh weather conditions. These factors made military operations difficult and tested the endurance and adaptability of Zhuge Liang's forces.

Zhuge Liang employed a combination of military tactics and diplomatic efforts in his campaigns. He understood the importance of winning the hearts and minds of the local people and often resorted to non-violent methods to achieve his objectives. His approach involved integrating the Nanman tribes into Shu Han's administrative framework, offering them positions of authority, and adopting policies respectful of their customs and traditions.

One of the most notable figures Zhuge Liang encountered during these campaigns was Meng Huo, a leader of the Nanman. Zhuge Liang is famously said to have captured and released Meng Huo seven times, a story that has become legendary in Chinese folklore. This repeated act of clemency and respect eventually convinced Meng Huo of Zhuge Liang's benevolent intentions, leading to the peaceful submission of the Nanman tribes.

The successful subjugation of the Nanman tribes significantly bolstered Shu Han's position. It secured the southern borders, provided access to new resources and manpower, and enhanced the state's prestige and influence. The Southern Campaigns also demonstrated Zhuge Liang's prowess as a strategist and a leader who could adapt his tactics to suit diverse and challenging environments.