The Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894-1895) in Korea was a significant peasant uprising, influenced by the Donghak movement, which opposed Western technology and ideals. It started in Gobu-gun due to the oppressive policies of Jo Byeong-gap, appointed magistrate in 1892. The revolt, led by Jeon Bong-jun and Kim Gae-nam, began in March 1894 but was initially quelled by Yi Yong-tae. Jeon Bong-jun then amassed forces at Mount Paektu, recaptured Gobu, and won key battles, including the Battle of Hwangtojae and the Battle of the Hwangryong River. The rebels took control of Jeonju Fortress, leading to a siege and the subsequent Treaty of Jeonju in May 1894, establishing a brief, unstable peace.

The Korean government's request for military aid from the Qing dynasty escalated tensions, leading to the First Sino-Japanese War after Japan felt betrayed by the Qing's unilateral action, violating the Convention of Tientsin. This war marked the decline of Chinese influence in Korea and the Self-Strengthening Movement in China.

As Japanese influence in Korea grew, the Donghak rebels, anxious about this development, strategized in Samrye from September to October. They formed a coalition army, attacking Gongju with a force of varying reported sizes. However, the rebels suffered decisive defeats in the Battle of Ugeumchi and again in the Battle of Taein. The rebellion persisted into early 1895, but by spring, most rebel leaders were captured and executed in the Honam Region.