The Burmese-Siamese War of 1593–1600 followed closely on the heels of the 1584-1593 conflict between the two nations. This new chapter was ignited by Naresuan, King of Ayutthaya (Siam), when he decided to take advantage of the Burmese internal issues, especially the death of Crown Prince Mingyi Swa. Naresuan launched invasions into Lan Na (Northern Thailand today), which was under Burmese control, and even into Burma itself, with an attempt to reach the Burmese capital of Pegu. However, these ambitious campaigns were largely unsuccessful and led to heavy casualties on both sides.

While Naresuan was unable to achieve his primary objectives, he did manage to secure his kingdom's independence and regain some territory. He conducted several sieges and engaged in various battles, including the siege of Pegu in 1599. However, the campaigns were unable to sustain their initial momentum. Pegu was not taken, and the Siamese army had to withdraw due to logistical issues and an epidemic that broke out among the troops. The war ended without any decisive victor, but it contributed to the weakening of both kingdoms, draining their resources and manpower.

The 1593–1600 conflict between Burma and Siam had lasting repercussions. While neither side could claim outright victory, the war did serve to solidify Ayutthaya's independence from Burmese suzerainty, and it weakened the Burmese Empire to a significant extent. These events set the stage for future conflicts and shaped the geopolitical landscape of Southeast Asia. The war is seen as a continuation of the centuries-long rivalry between the two nations, characterized by shifting alliances, territorial ambitions, and the struggle for regional dominance.