The Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969 CE was a significant historical event where the Fatimid Caliphate, under General Jawhar, captured Egypt from the Ikhshidid dynasty. This conquest occurred against the backdrop of the weakened Abbasid Caliphate and internal crises within Egypt, including famine and leadership struggles following the death of Abu al-Misk Kafur in 968 CE. The Fatimids, having strengthened their rule in Ifriqiya (now Tunisia and eastern Algeria) since 909 CE, took advantage of the chaotic situation in Egypt. Amidst this instability, local Egyptian elites increasingly favored Fatimid rule to restore order.

The Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah organized a large expedition, led by Jawhar, which began on 6 February 969 CE. The expedition entered the Nile Delta in April, encountering minimal resistance from the Ikhshidid forces. Jawhar's assurance of safety and rights for Egyptians facilitated a peaceful surrender of the capital, Fustat, on 6 July 969 CE, marking the successful Fatimid takeover.

Jawhar governed Egypt as viceroy for four years, during which he quelled rebellions and initiated the construction of Cairo, a new capital. However, his military campaigns in Syria and against the Byzantines were unsuccessful, leading to the destruction of Fatimid armies and a Qarmatian invasion near Cairo. Caliph al-Mu'izz relocated to Egypt in 973 CE and established Cairo as the Fatimid Caliphate's seat, which lasted until its abolition by Saladin in 1171 CE.